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8. 'Temperature is inversely proportional to density of oceanic water.' Explain this statement.
9. With examples, state how planetary winds cause currents to flow.
10. How does the Coriolis force affect the direction of ocean currents?
11. Explain the circulation of current in the Northern Atlantic Ocean.
12. Where and what is the Sargasso Sea?
13. Describe the origin and movement of the Gulf Stream.
14. Discuss the circulation of waters in the Southern Pacific Ocean.
15. Which ocean shows reversal in direction of ocean currents? Elaborate on the circulation of currents
in this ocean.
16. State two differences in the influences of ocean currents on climate with reference to cold and warm
currents.
17. State two ways by which the following ocean currents affect the environment: (a) Gulf Stream drift
(b) Oya Shio Current (c) North Atlantic Drift.
18. What are tides? Discuss how the following positions affect the formation of tides: (a) syzygy and (b)
quadrature.
Answers
Answer
8. Temperature and density share an inverse relationship. As temperature increases, the space between water molecules increases—also known as density, which therefore decreases. ... As density increases, the amount of salts in the water—also known as salinity, increases.
9. Prevailing or planetary winds (e.g., trade winds, westerlies and polar winds) play major roles in the origin of ocean currents. The wind blowing on the water surface also moves water in its direction due to its friction with the water. ... For example, equatorial currents flow westward under the influence of N.E. and S.B.
10. Instead of circulating in a straight pattern, the air deflects toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere, resulting in curved paths. This deflection is called the Coriolis effect.
11. Driven by the global thermohaline circulation, the North Atlantic Current is part of the wind-driven Gulf Stream, which goes further east and north from the North American coast across the Atlantic and into the Arctic Ocean.
12. Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic OceanThe Sargasso Sea, located entirely within the Atlantic Ocean, is the only sea without a land boundary. Mats of free-floating sargassum, a common seaweed found in the Sargasso Sea, provide shelter and habitat to many animals.
13. The Gulf Stream is caused by a large system of circular currents and powerful winds, called an oceanic gyre. ... As the warm water comes in, colder, denser water sinks and begins moving south—eventually flowing along the bottom of the ocean all the way to Antarctica.
14. Surface water temperatures in the Pacific can vary from −1.4 °C (29.5 °F), the freezing point of sea water, in the poleward areas to about 30 °C (86 °F) near the equator.
15. Indian Ocean
Indian OceanIndian Ocean Current
Indian OceanIndian Ocean CurrentThe monsoon winds also play a peculiar role in the reversal of the direction of currents in the North Indian Ocean.
16. Warm and cold ocean currents can affect the climate of coastal regions, but only when local winds blow in from the sea. Warm currents heat the air over the ocean and bring higher temperatures over land. Cold currents can lower air temperatures and can bring colder temperatures over land.
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