Question

V. ROLE OF PHILOSOPHERS IN FRANCE: READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER

France in 18th century had many revolutionary thinkers. Among them were Voltaire,
Rousseau, Montesquieu and Diderot. Their revolutionary ideas encouraged people to fight
for their rights. They exposed the inefficiency of the monarch and his government and
aroused the people to challenge authority. Ideas of equality and freedom were put
forwarded by philosophers. These ideas of the philosophers were a direct attack on
privileges and feudal rights which protected the upper classes. They helped rouse the
people from inactivity and instilled in them a desire to root out social inequalities and set up
a government responsive to their need. They played a vital role in focusing the discontent
and bringing about the Revolution. Their books were a great inspiration for people.

John Locke - Two Treatises of Govt. Jean Jacques Rousseau - The Social Contract
Montesquieu - The Spirit of Laws

1. Examine the role of French philosophers in motivating people towards revolution.
Which ideas were stressed by them?
2. Mention the books and the authors that inspired the people of France.
3. Name the Indian leaders as driving force during 1857 revolt.
4. Write a note on contributions of any two Indian social reformers or freedom fighters
during nationalist movement.​

Answer 1

Answer:

1. this philosophers encourage people to fight for the rights. the expose the inefficiency of the monarchy and his and government and aroused the people to Challenge authority.

3. Nana Saheb, Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai, Begum Hazrat.