व्हाट इज इको सिस्टम एंड इट्स कंपोनेंट्सव्हाट
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Answer:
(i) All the plants and animals in an area are interdependent and interrelated to each other in their physical environment, thus, forming an ecosystem. Ecosystem is a system of interdependence comprising the physical environment and the organisms living within.
(ii) Plants, animals, human beings and the environment are the components of ecosystem. Plants are the main natural component on the earth which can use the sun's energy to prepare food. Plants are the backbone of the natural resources of the country.
(iii) The nature of plants in an area, to a large extent, determines the animal life of that area. When the vegetation is altered, the animal life also changes.
(iv) Human beings are also an integral part of the ecosystem. They utilise the vegetation and wildlife. All the living beings on the earth are dependent on plants directly or indirectly.
Ecosystem refers to a system that includes all living organisms ( Biotic factors) such as plants, animals, microorganisms etc in a habitat as well as its physical environment ( Abiotic factors) such as weather, soil, earth, sun, climate, rocks minerals etc, functioning together as a unit.
Ecosystems maintain a very delicate balance. Various human activities threaten to destroy this balance. Natural disasters such as fires, floods, storms and volcanic eruptions also have an effect on the ecosystems. Population growth, climate changes, resources exploitation etc, add to the destruction of the ecosystem. An increase or decrease in population of any organism can also disturb this balance.
An ecosystem is a community of plants and animals interacting with each other in a given area, and also with their physical environment. Both living and non-living things within a particular area make up the ecosystem.
Components of Ecosystem
Biotic components: are the living components of an eco system.
Abiotic components: are the non living components of an eco system.
There is a mutual dependence of biotic members and abiotic members on one another in an eco system…This means the absence of one member can affect all other parties of the eco system.
Types of Eco- systems:
Natural eco system: A natural ecosystem is a biological environment that is found in nature rather than created or altered by man.
Examples: Forests rivers lakes,ponds,coral reefs, deserts, grasslands etc.
Artificial eco system: Humans have modified some ecosystems for their own benefit. These are artificial ecosystems.
Examples: crop fields,gardens,aquariums,dams,man-made ponds etc
Food chain and Food web:
FOOD CHAIN : A food chain describes how energy and nutrients move through an ecosystem.
In the food chain, food, nutrients, and energy are transferred from one living organism through another in the form of food .
Food chains begin with plant life, and end with animal life.
In a food chain, each organism occupies a different trophic level, defined by how many energy transfers separate it from the basic input of the chain
The number of steps an organism takes from the start of the chain is a measure of its trophic level.
Autotrophs or producers are at the first trophic level. They use solar energy to produce food and make it available for heterotrophs or consumers.
Herbivores are primary consumers and form the second trophic level; small carnivores form the third trophic level and larger carnivores form the fourth trophic level of the food chain.
Energy flow in a food chain is unidirectional. Energy is passed from organisms at one trophic level or energy level to organisms in the next trophic level.
Food Web: consists of many inter connected food chains. In any eco system, there can be many food chains which are inter linked at various levels.