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Monocotyledom|Important clade of flowering plants}}
Monocotyledons
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous – Recent
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Wheat close-up.JPG
Wheat – an economically important monocotyledon
Scientific classificatione
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Monocots
Type genus
Lilium
L.[1]
Orders
alismatid monocots
Acorales
Alismatales
lilioid monocots
Asparagales
Dioscoreales
Liliales
Pandanales
Petrosaviales
commelinid monocots
Arecales
Commelinales
Poales
Zingiberales
Synonyms
Alternifoliae Bessey[2]
Endogenae DC.[3]
Lilianae Takht.[4][5]
Liliatae Cronquist, Takht. & W.Zimm.[a][1]
Liliidae Takht.[b][5][8]
Liliopsida Batsch[9]
Monocotyleae Eichler[10]
Monocotyledoneae E.Morren ex Mez[11][c]
Monocotyledones
Monocotyledons (/ˌmɒnəˌkɒtəlˈiːdən/),[d][13][14] commonly referred to as monocots, (Lilianae sensu Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of the major groups into which the flowering plants have traditionally been divided, the rest of the flowering plants having two cotyledons and therefore classified as dicotyledons, or dicots.
Monocotyledons have almost always been recognized as a group, but with various taxonomic ranks and under several different names. The APG III system of 2009 recognises a clade called "monocots" but does not assign it to a taxonomic rank.
The monocotyledons include about 60,000 species. The largest family in this group (and in the flowering plants as a whole) by number of species are the orchids (family Orchidaceae), with more than 20,000 species. About half as many species belong to the true grasses (Poaceae), which are economically the most important family of monocotyledons. Often mistaken for grasses, sedges are also monocots.
In agriculture the majority of the biomass produced comes from monocotyledons. These include not only major grains (rice, wheat, maize, etc.), but also forage grasses, sugar cane, and the bamboos. Other economically important monocotyledon crops include various palms (Arecaceae), bananas and plantains (Musaceae), gingers and their relatives, turmeric and cardamom (Zingiberaceae), asparagus (Asparagaceae), pineapple (Bromeliaceae), sedges (Cyperaceae) and rushes (Juncaceae), and leeks, onion and garlic (Amaryllidaceae). Many houseplants are monocotyledon epiphytes. Additionally most of the horticultural bulbs, plants cultivated for their blooms, such as lilies, daffodils, irises, amaryllis, cannas, bluebells and tulips, are monocotyledons.