Various constituents of petroleum
Answers
Answer:
A)The different constituents of petroleum and their uses are as follows -
1)Petroleum Gas in liquid form [ LPG ] - Fuel for home and industry.
2)Petrol - Motor fuel, aviation fuel, solvent for dry cleaning.
3)Kerosene - Fuel for stoves, lamps and for jet aircrafts.
4)Diesel - Fuel for heavy motor vehicles, electric generators.
5)Lubricating oil - Lubrication.
6)Paraffin wax - Ointment, candles, vaseline...
7)Bitumen - Paints, road surfacing.
B)A áre extinguisher is a áre protection device used to extinguish or control small áres. It usually consists of a hand held cylinder containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish áre. The main principle of áre extinguishers is to cut off the supply of oxygen which is a supporter of combustion. This is done by increasing the level of CO which is a non supporter of combustion and therefore the áre ceases. This CO is produced by the reaction between soda and acid. The mixture used in soda-acid áre extinguisher is Sodium bicarbonate solution and Sulphuric acid.The reaction is as follows:
2NaHCO↓3 + H↓2SO↓4 → Na↓2SO↓4 + 2H↓2O + 2CO↓2
The áre extinguisher contains sodium bicarbonate in a container. A small glass bottle below the plunger contains sulphuric acid. This glass bottle is covered with a safety glass. When we want to extinguish a áre, we need to strike the plunger hard enough so that the glass breaks releasing sulphuric acid which reacts with sodium bicarbonate and produce carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide gas produced under pressure forces itself through nozzle. As the percentage of carbon dioxide increases, the oxygen supply is reduced and therefore the áre extinguishes.