वस्तुनिष्ठता का क्या अर्थ है? सामाजिक शोध में वस्तुनिष्ठ था प्राप्त करने में व्यवहारिक कठिनाइयों का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answers
Answer: The quality of being objective.
Explanation:
Objectivity is the regulative ideal that guides all inquiry [which is] largely a measure directed at how researchers undertake and carry out their research in that it requires them to be precise, unbiased, open, honest, receptive to criticism, and so on" (Smith 1990, p 171, also Phillips 1990, Schwandt 1990). In a similar vein, Lather (1990, p 319) states that "objectivity means being aware and honest abouthow one's own beliefs, values, and biases affect the research process."
It means the willingness and ability to examine evidence dispassionately. It is the first condition of research. Objectivity means basing conclusion on facts without any bias and value judgement. The conclusion should be independent of one’s personal beliefs, likes dislikes and hopes. Both the data and the inference drawn from their analysis must be free from bias and prejudices. Objectivity is a goal of scientific investigation. Objectivity presupposes an independent reality that can be grasped. If there is no independent reality, or if reality cannot be apprehended, or if reality is merely the concoction of the observer, then the notion of objectivity is moot.
Objectivity is therefore defined as the basic conviction that there is or must be some permanent, historical matrix or framework to which we can ultimately appeal in determining the nature of rationality, knowledge, truth, reality, goodness, or rightness. (Bernstein 1983).