Question

Venous blood contain greater amount of Cl- than arterial blood - explan.

Answer 1

As seen, oxygen is required as a reactant of cellular respiration and carbon dioxide is a product of the reaction. Therefore, oxygen must be delivered to somatic cells (the normal functioning cells of an organism) and carbon dioxide must be removed.

These gases enter/leave the body via the respiratory system (mouth/nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli) but circulate through the body’s vascular system (heart, blood, arteries, veins and capillaries). This transition from one system to the other occurs within the lungs, where the thousands of sac-like structures are wrapped in capillaries - the thinnest of the three blood vessels - form the repiratory surface. The gases diffuse across this; oxygen binding with haemoglobin-rich red blood cells and carbon dioxide being expelled with an exhale.

Now onto the movement of this gas-infused blood, spurred into motion by the stately pumping of the heart. Arteries allow blood flow away from the heart, towards the rest of the body; veins direct blood flow back to the heart.

When blood meets a somatic cell, where the vessels have thinned into capillaries once again, the opposite exchange of gases occurs than in the lungs: oxygen is unloaded from the red blood cells and carbon dioxide is dissolved into the blood plasma in its constituent parts.

The carbon dioxide concentration in venous blood is higher than that of arterial blood because venous blood is travelling from body cells (where cellular respiration is continually occurring) having collected the carbon dioxide from cells undergoing continuous cellular respiration. It therefore follows that the oxygen concentration in arterial blood is higher than that of venous blood.

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