very long information on Kaleidoscope and Periscope for science project
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A kaleidoscope is an optical instrument with two or more reflecting surfaces tilted to each other at an angle, so that one or more (parts of) objects on one end of the mirrors are seen as a regular symmetrical pattern when viewed from the other end, due to repeated reflection. The reflectors (or mirrors) are usually enclosed in a tube, often containing on one end a cell with loose, colored pieces of glass or other transparent (and/or opaque) materials to be reflected into the viewed pattern. Rotation of the cell causes motion of the materials, resulting in an ever-changing view being presented.Kaleidoscope is an optical toy consisting of two mirrors at a particular angle. Some common uses of the kaleidoscope are: Kaleidoscope produces beautiful patterns that are used by fashion designers. A kaleidoscope is used as a toy for entertainment.
A periscope is defined as an instrument used for observing over, around or through an obstacle or object which is prevented by direct line of sight. It consists of an outer case with mirrors at each end at 45° angle. These mirrors are placed parallel to the surface. Jules Carpentier, a French engineer and inventor designed the submarine periscope. It was widely used during World War II in tanks and armoured vehicles.A periscope works on the basis of laws of reflection of light. Any object in the line of sight reflects the light making it visible in the periscope.
The mirrors are placed at an angle of 45° such that when light falls on one of the mirrors, it gets reflected back making it fall on the other mirror which further gets reflected back to the observer’s eyes. But in more complex periscopes, prisms are used in place of mirrors. The instrument does not produce any magnification and crossline images.
Other than viewing objects that are not in the direct line of sight, the following are various other uses of periscope:
- It is used in submarines to determine the distance of a torpedo and helps in deciding the right time for the attack.
- It is used in a nuclear reactor to observe the chemical reactions that are taking place.
- In military periscopes are used to observe from their hiding position. The main disadvantage of a periscope is that it can be used by one person at a time.
- Tanks and armoured vehicles use the periscope to inspect the surrounding.
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kaleidoscope information for project. long information very long