Question

vibrations of E-rays are ___ to the principal plane.
a.at 45° angle
b.parallel
c.perpendicular
d.at any angle​

Answer 1

Answer:

at any angle is correct answer

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

The correct option is a.at 45° angle

Explanation:

From the above question,

They have asked vibrations of E-rays are ___ to the principal plane.

The correct option is a.at 45° angle

In the context of optics, E-rays refer to electric field waves that propagate through a material. When an E-ray enters an anisotropic material, such as a crystal, the wave can split into two perpendicular waves, called the ordinary ray (O-ray) and the extraordinary ray (E-ray).

The polarization of a light wave refers to the direction of its electric field vector as it oscillates. The principal plane is the plane containing the incident ray and the surface normal of the material. When an E-ray passes through an anisotropic material, its polarization direction is generally different from that of the O-ray.

Here the E-ray is incident on the material at an angle to the principal plane, the polarization direction of the E-ray will also be at an angle to the principal plane.

The angle between  the principal plane and the polarization direction of the E-ray  is typically 45° for many crystals.

It means that the E-ray oscillates perpendicular to both the incident ray and the surface normal of the material, and is therefore said to be polarized at a 45° angle to the principal plane.

Hence, the correct option is a.at 45° angle

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