Question

Visit a local authority and collect information about their role in public health

Answer 1

Community health is a major field of study within the medical and clinical sciences which focuses on the maintenance, protection, and improvement of the health status of population groups and communities. It is a distinct field of study that may be taught within a separate school of [public health] or [environmental health]. The WHO defines community health as:

environmental, social, and economic resources to sustain emotional and physical well being among people in ways that advance their aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique environment.[1]

Community health tends to focus on a defined geographical community. The health characteristics of a community are often examined using geographic information system (GIS) software and public healthdatasets. Some projects, such as InfoShare or GEOPROJ combine GIS with existing datasets, allowing the general public to examine the characteristics of any given community in participating countries.

Medical interventions that occur in communities can be classified as three categories: primary healthcare, secondary healthcare, and tertiary healthcare. Each category focuses on a different level and approach towards the community or population group. In the United States, community health is rooted within primary healthcare achievements.[2] Primary healthcare programs aim to reduce risk factors and increase health promotion and prevention. Secondary healthcare is related to "hospital care" where acute care is administered in a hospital department setting. Tertiary healthcare refers to highly specialized care usually involving disease or disability management.

The success of community health programmes relies upon the transfer of information from health professionals to the general public using one-to-one or one to many communication (mass communication). The latest shift is towards health marketing.

Answer 2

Roles of Community Health Workers

The roles and activities of community health workers' (CHWs) are tailored to meet the unique needs of their communities. They also depend on factors such as whether they work in the healthcare or social services sectors. Generally, CHWs hold the following roles:

Creating connections between vulnerable populations and healthcare systemsFacilitating healthcare and social service system navigationManaging care and care transitions for vulnerable populationsDetermining eligibility and enrolling individuals into health insurance plansEnsuring cultural competence among healthcare professionals serving vulnerable populationsEducating health system providers and stakeholders about community health needsProviding culturally appropriate health education on topics related to chronic disease prevention, physical activity and nutritionAdvocating for underserved individuals to receive appropriate servicesCollecting data and relaying information to policymakers to inform policy change and developmentProviding informal counseling, health screenings, and referralsBuilding capacity to address health issues

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