void check() { int a=10; switch(a) { case 10: System.out.print(a++ +""); case 11: System.out.print(++a+” “); case 12: System.out.print(a++ + " "); break; default: System.out.println(a++); } System.out.println(a); }
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Use the switch (in the glossary) statement to conditionally perform statements based on an integer expression or enumerated type. Following is a sample program, SwitchDemo (in a .java source file), that declares an integer named month whose value supposedly represents the month in a date. The program displays the name of the month, based on the value of month, using the switch statement:
public class SwitchDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int month = 8;
switch (month) {
case 1: System.out.println("January"); break;
case 2: System.out.println("February"); break;
case 3: System.out.println("March"); break;
case 4: System.out.println("April"); break;
case 5: System.out.println("May"); break;
case 6: System.out.println("June"); break;
case 7: System.out.println("July"); break;
case 8: System.out.println("August"); break;
case 9: System.out.println("September"); break;
case 10: System.out.println("October"); break;
case 11: System.out.println("November"); break;
case 12: System.out.println("December"); break;
default: System.out.println("Not a month!"); break;
}
}
}
The switch statement evaluates its expression, in this case the value of month, and executes the appropriate case (in the glossary) statement. Thus, the output of the program is August. Of course, you could implement this by using an if statement:
int month = 8;
if (month == 1) {
System.out.println("January");
} else if (month == 2) {
System.out.println("February");
}
. . . //and so on
Deciding whether to use an if statement or a switch statement is a judgment call. You can decide which to use, based on readability and other factors. An if statement can be used to make decisions based on ranges of values or conditions, whereas a switch statement can make decisions based only on a single integer or enumerated value. Also, the value provided to each case statement must be unique.
Another point of interest in the switch statement is the break (in the glossary) statement after each case. Each break statement terminates the enclosing switch statement, and the flow of control continues with the first statement following the switch block. The break statements are necessary because without them, the case statements fall through. That is, without an explicit break, control will flow sequentially through subsequent case statements. Following is an example, SwitchDemo2 (in a .java source file), that illustrates why it might be useful to have case statements fall through:
public class SwitchDemo2 {
Explanation:
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