War I. A large amount of food was
St Petersburg, took out a procession
supplied to the War front during the war.
This led to the shortage of food in the
cities. On March gth 1917, around
10,000 women of the capital
demanding ‘Peace and Bread". Workers
also joined them in this protest. Tsar
Nicholas I was really upset by these
protests. He ordered the army to
suppress the demonstrators, even by
firing at them. Instead, the soldiers also
joined the demonstrators. In just two
days, the situation became so bad that
the Tsar left his throne and escaped.
Russians made a Provisional
government. This was the first Russian
revolution of 1917 and it was called as
the March Revolution.from this explain two reasons for march revolution
Answers
Answer:
The russian revolution of 1917 centers around two primary events:February revolution and October revolution .The february revolution which removed Tsar Nicholas II from power devoloped spontaneously out of a serious of increasingly violent demonstrations and riots on the streets Petrograd during a time when tsar was away from the capital visiting troops on the world war I front.
The October Revolution overtuned the interim provisional government and established the soviet union.It was a much more deliberate event orchestrated by a small group of people.The Bolsheviks who led this coup, prepared their coup in only six months.By october,the bolsheviks popular base was much popular,they had built up a majority of support with Petrograd and other urban
centres.Liberals, Racials and Coservatives
Liberals: Liberals wanted a change in the society. They wanted toleration towards all religions. They opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals. They favoured a representative, elected parliamentary government. Such a government should be subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained and independent judiciary. However, some of the liberal ideas were not democratic. They did not believe in universal adult franchise and wanted the voting rights only for men with property.
Radicals: Radicals also wanted a change in the society. The radicals were in favour of women’s suffragate movement. They opposed the privileges of wealthy landowners and factory owners. They were not against private property but opposed the concentration of property in a few hands.
Conservatives: The conservatives preferred the status quo. However, their attitudes changed after the French Revolution. They were in favour of gradual change; with some preservation of old institutions.
Industrial Society and Social Change
Industrialization resulted in a large number of people working in factories. Work hours were usually long and the workers were getting poor wages. Unemployment was quite common. As towns were growing rapidly, there were problems of housing and sanitation.
Many among the liberals and radicals were property owners and employers. They wanted the benefit of industrialization to reach the workforce. They believed that healthy and educated citizens would be more productive for the economy. Some liberals and radicals wanted revolutions which could end all kind of governments established in Europe in 1815.
The Coming of Socialism to Europe
Socialism was a radical idea which was based on abolition of private properties and projected a dream of classless society. Socialists saw private property as the root of all social ills. They argued that the capitalists were only concerned about their profit and not with the welfare of workers.
Some socialists believed in the idea of cooperatives. Some other socialists believed that the governments should encourage cooperatives because it was not possible to build large-scale cooperatives by individual initiatives.
Karl Marx (1818-1883) argued that workers should make a cooperative society in which collective ownership of land and factories would be promoted. According to Marx, it was the way to get rid of ills of capitalism. Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) also added other ideas to the concept of socialism.
Support for Socialism
Socialist ideas spread through Europe by the 1870s. An international body; called Second International was formed to coordinate these efforts.
Workers in England and Germany began forming associations so that they could fight for better living and working conditions. They also set up funds to help members in times of distress. They demanded reduced working hours and the voting rights. These associations worked closely with the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in Germany and helped it in winning the parliamentary seats. Similarly, a Labour Party was formed in Britain and a Socialist Party was formed in France by 1905. However, till 1914, the socialists did not succeed in forming a government in Europe.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
The fall of monarchy in February 1917 and the subsequent events of October are normally called the Russian Revolution.
The Russian Empire in 1914