was located at the centre of gangtic valley
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Indo-Gangetic Plain
The Indo-Gangetic Plain is also known as Indus-Ganga and the North Indian River Plain. It lies between the great northern mountain and peninsular plateau and is formed by three major rivers - the Ganges, the Indus, the Brahmaputra and their tributaries. It covers a large area of about 7, 00,000 sq. km in Northern and Eastern India. The plain is divided into three sections;
a. The Punjab Plains - major portion this is in Pakistan; formed by Indus and its tributaries- Beas, Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, and Sutlej.
b. Ganges Plains - Haryana, Delhi, UP, Bihar, parts of Jharkhand and West Bengal lie in the Ganga plains. This is formed by the Ganga and its tributaries. It is the largest part of the Northern Plains.
c. Bhramaputra Plains- lie mainly in Assam built by Brahmaputra and its tributaries.
The Northern plains can be divided into regions viz.-
The Bhabhar Belt: It is a narrow belt that lies in the foothills of Himalayas and comprises of pebbles and rocks brought down by the streams. Rivers flow at very fast speed in this region.
The Terai Belt: It is located next to the Bhabhar region and is made up of newer alluvium, rich for cultivation, has thick forests.
The Bangar Belt: It forms the higher part of the plains and is made of older alluvium soil which is less fertile. This region of the Gangetic plains is covered by Laterite soil, rich in iron and aluminium deposits.
The Khadar Belt It lies on the lowland areas beyond the Bangar belt and is made up of newer highly fertile alluvium brought down by the rivers. This region is flood prone.