waste production and their solution
Answers
Waste production and management — The problem
The rapidly increasing quantities of waste generated in European countries are a major concern for Europe's environment (see Chapter 15). It is estimated that Europe produces annually over 250 million tonnes of municipal waste and more than 850 million of industrial waste. The annual average rate of increase of these wastes since 1985 in the OECD European area is estimated at around 3 per cent. Present disposal and processing capacity is probably not sufficient to deal with the expected growth. Often, existing facilities are not adequate to ensure acceptable environmental standards. The siting of new facilities usually encounters considerable opposition from local people concerned with the potential risks for their local communities.
Major constraints to safe management are imposed by significant changes in the quality of waste. Increasing amounts of discarded products contain substances now recognised to be toxic or highly toxic. Improper management and illegal dumping of waste, particularly hazardous and toxic waste, pose increasing threats to the environment and human health. Transfrontier movements of such waste from countries with strict regulations towards less-regulated countries increase the potential environmental risk of waste disposal in countries with insufficient control. There are increasing attempts to bring these problems under control by introducing national and international legislation.
Waste issues in Europe become apparent when the environmental impacts of waste management practices are examined:
* Disposal of waste by landfill, which is the main waste disposal route, if not properly managed, can cause leaching of contaminants into soil and groundwater.
* Landfill sites occupy considerable space with significant impacts on landuse and landscape, in some cases, however, landfilling can be used to restore derelict land, such as old mineral workings.
* Incineration of waste, unless properly regulated, leads to emissions of toxic substances into the atmosphere and to the production of large amounts of contaminated ashes.
* Recycling implies the least load of emissions and saves materials, but it involves considerable sorting and treatment during which pollutants present in waste may be transferred to the environment or incorporated into new products.
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Answer:
Explanation:
Waste is unusable, unwanted material. Waste management encompasses the collection, transportation, valuation, and disposal of wastes. It covers a wider range of activities, from initial production to final treatment, that are engaged in the management of trash.
The main principles of waste management are:
1.The "3R's rule," which refers to reduce, reuse, and recycle, states that the most desirable goal in waste management is to prevent and minimise waste.
2. Extending producer responsibility by including all environmental costs, such as end-of-life disposal, in the market price of a product.
3. The polluter is responsible for paying principle, which mandates that waste generators pay for the proper disposal of their trash.
Waste management solutions: -
1) Monitoring: Monitoring involves recognising the necessity of waste management, determining how to recycle materials in order to reduce waste production,
2) Collection: Systematic organisation is required for collection, so that the waste collection bins are not overflowing and that the time given for collection is reasonable.
(3) Customer and trash management company collaboration is essential.
4) Transportation: This stage entails making the waste transport vehicle accessible from the places where it has been gathered to the landfill or the location where they can be recycled.
(5) Processing and Recycling: The recyclable items from the garbage are removed and processed separately.
6) Disposal: Non-recyclable rubbish is deposited in a sizable area of deserted land. The term for this is landfills.