Water conservation methods used in punjab and andhra pradesh in ancient times
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Water conservation in India is not a new concept. One of the earliest sites of the Indus Valley civilisation, Dholavira in the Gujarat state has well documented storage reservoirs in the form of lakes to collect surface run offs during the rainy season1. Not only that, there were intricate channels and check dams for various purposes. Such structures have also been found in other sites such as Harpapa and Mohenjodaro. Sringaverapura tank in modern day Uttar Pradesh was built sometime in the 1st BC and is a shining example of engineering during the early period of Indian civilisation. It had a remarkable system to clean water through desiltation2. Naneghat in modern day Maharshtra is perhaps the oldest example of harvesting system for storage of water.
Perhaps the most unique and elaborate network of well connected water drainage and storage system is found in Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh. The place not very famous today is a must visit for any student of hydrology. Any fort surviving today has well organized storage systems. This was of importance since forts were built to provide supplies during long drawn wars where outside movement was restricted.
The Indian system of using brass vessels to clean water is well doc umented and continues till today. It is not uncommon even today to find water filter systems made out of brass. Older people in India use brass pots to store water during the night and consume it during the day time.
Almost every region in India has its own unique method of storing and conserving water prevalent since times immemorial. While some methods such as baolis in Delhi have been long forgotten, others such as guls in Uttarakhand are commonly used even today.
For a quick overview of water conservation practises in India, this site is a good start.
Andhra Pradesh- Cheruvu
A cheruvu can be a tank or a small pond that was used as a reservoir to conserve and store water. Cheruvus are highly polluted as of today and the practise is dying.
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