Question

Water requirement calculation during construction wokr

Answer 1

Answer:

Construction industry is a booming industry, with the real estate sector contributing heavily towards the country’s GDP. However, it is also very water-intensive consuming an enormous amount of fresh water. After agriculture, the real estate sector is the second largest employment generator in India. Thus it is important to understand the quantum of fresh water that geoes into construction materials as well as the fresh water that is used during the construction.

What is the water footprint of a building?

A research paper titled ‘Studies on Virtual Water Content of Urban Buildings in India’ published by the Indian Journal of Science and Technology, attempts to analyse the virtual water of sample urban residential buildings in Kolkata and Pune to arrive at a better understanding of the subject and establish its significance. These two cities were chosen as both have witnessed a tremendous growth in the building sector during the past decade, and they are also completely different in terms of their climate and water resources. While Kolkata falls in the hot humid zone with an abundance of water, Pune falls midway between warm-humid and hot-dry zone and belongs to a water stressed area which is totally rain dependent.

The research computes both the inherent virtual water, which is the water embodied in the major construction materials or the water used in the production of the materials, and the induced virtual water, which is the actual water used during construction work. The study restricts itself to five construction materials--bricks, cement, steel, aluminium and glass--due to availability of limited data. Data on quantity of material used and average water used per day on the construction site was collected from the sample sites for this study.

Virtual water: Water used to create the goods and services that we consume or use

The paper discusses that in both the buildings, and both in case of the foundation and superstructure, steel remains the highest contributor towards the inherent water of a building. This indicates that steel is the largest contributor to the inherent virtual water. The water used during construction was much higher for Kolkata than for Pune. The paper reasons that Pune being water stressed, there was conservative use of water, unlike Kolkata, where water was not much of a concern. Another aspect is the higher number of workers living onsite in Kolkata, which led to an increased demand for water.

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