water resource management in Singapore and Afghanistan
Answers
Explanation:
From 1960s, struggles were made for utilizing water which were hampered by war. Within the last decade and half, Afghan state and nation have resumed the plan to manage this unique asset, by the world’s technical and scientific cooperation, with the aim of reaching sustainable progress and development. Managing water, mainly flowing water, will minimize poverty, provide security, fortify citizens’ health, increase welfare in the region and develop trade and agriculture in the country.
To gain sustainable development and manage water, struggles have been started to some extent and a comprehensive strategy is adopted. The promising outcomes in recent years are beyond doubt such as the inauguration of Kajaki Dam. Moreover, the trip of Afghanistan’s President to Australia, Indonesia, and Singapore for gaining the technical and professional cooperation in managing water will bear a tangible result.
Studies show that more than 45 percent of Earth’s landmass and 60 percent of the total fresh water of the planet is covered by 276 international common river basin which is shared among 148 countries. Furthermore, the life of about 40 percent of the world’s population is dependent on these international rivers and common water resources. Lack of water resources, industrialization of societies, increase in consumption per capita and the challenge of climate change have multiplied the competition for exploiting these common resources.
Studies further show that in 21st century, the world’s security depends on their water strategy. For instance, the population growth, climate change, and water pollution make the world adopt effective, comprehensive and futuristic policy regarding their water resources.
It is easily noticeable that from the last decade of the 20th century onward, international organizations, multi-national companies, NGOs, and national and international institutions have focused their attention on water resources and managing water – this struggle is on rise.
Water Resources in Afghanistan
Afghanistan’s significant rivers originate from melting snow and natural blocks of ice of central and north-eastern mountains of the country. The flow of water is intensified by rain inside the country. These rivers flow out of border and into neighboring countries after passing long routes in the country. To categorize the countries on the basis of water resources, Afghanistan has somehow appropriate position and it is not among the countries suffering from lack of water resources. The amount of Afghanistan’s flowing water is estimated 75 billion cubic meters annually – 57 billion cubic meters is formed by surface water and 18 billion cubic meters is formed by underground water.
The assessments of Ministry of Energy and Water show that only 30 per cent of country’s water is used for internal objectives.
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