Question

What ar the salient features of bohr's atomic model, how is it advantageous over rutherford's nuclear model?

Answer 1

In order to overcome the problem of stability of electron in an orbit around the nucleus, Bohr proposed that the orbits in which electrons revolved are called stationary orbits. Whenever the distance of the orbit from the nucleus increases, the electrons in that orbit having energy also increases. Bohr did not use classical mechanics in his atomic model. According to classical mechanics, size of an atom should be measured on a scale. But, quantum mechanics gives opportunity by taking Planck's constant as a measurement for the atom. This advantage avails to this atomic model when calculating the emission or absorption of energy while the electron is jumped from lower energy level to higher energy level to higher energy level to lower energy level.

limitations

In order to explain the stability of an atom, Neils Bohr gave a new arrangement of electrons in the atom in 1913. According to Neils Bohr, the electrons could revolve around the nucleus in only certain orbits(energy levels), each orbit having a different radius.

When an electron is revolving in a particular orbit or particular energy level around the nucleus, the electron does not radiate energy (lose energy) even though it has accelerated motion around the nucleus.

Answer 2

Answer:

⏩ According to Bohr's theory:-

i) The atom consists of a small (positively charged) nucleus at its centre.

ii) The whole mass of the atom is concentrated at the nucleus and the volume of nucleus is smaller than the volume of the atom by a ratio of about 1:10^5.

iii) All the protons and neutrons of the atom are contained in the nucleus.

iv) The electrons of the atom revolve round the nucleus in definite circular paths termed as orbits or shells which are designed as K ,L , M , N etc. or numbered as (n) = 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. outward from the nucleus.

v) Each orbit is associated with a fixed amount of energy. Therefore, these orbits are also termed as energy levels or energy shells.

vi) The energy of the atom changes when an electron jumps from one state (energy level) to another state (energy level). As long as an electron remains in a particular orbit, it does not lose or gain energy.

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