what are air borne diseases???????? give examples
Answers
Answer:
Airborne disease can spread when people with certain infections cough, sneeze, or talk, spewing nasal and throat secretions into the air. Some viruses or bacteria take flight and hang in the air or land on other people or surfaces.
When you breathe in airborne pathogenic organisms, they take up residence inside you. You can also pick up germs when you touch a surface that harbors them, and then touch your own eyes, nose, or mouth.
Because these diseases travel in the air, they’re hard to control. Keep reading to learn more about the common types of airborne diseases and what you can do to protect yourself from catching them.
Explanation:
Types of airborne diseases
Many diseases are spread through the air, including these:
The common cold
MillionsTrusted Source of cases of the common cold occur each year in the United States. Most adults get two or three colds a year. Children tend to get them more frequently.
The common cold is the top reason for absences at school and work. There are many viruses that can cause a cold, but it’s usually a rhinovirus.
Influenza
Most of us have some experience with the flu. It spreads so easily because it’s contagious about a day before you notice the first symptoms. It remains contagious for another 5 to 7 days. If you have a weakened immune system for any reason, you can spread it to others longer than that.
There are many strains of the flu, and they are constantly changing. That makes it difficult for your body to develop immunities.
Chickenpox
Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. If you have chickenpox, you can spread it for a day or two before you get the telltale rash. It takes up to 21 days after exposure for the disease to develop.
Most people get chickenpox only once, and then the virus goes dormant. Should the virus reactivate later in life, you get a painful skin condition called shingles.
If you haven’t had chickenpox, you can contract it from someone with shingles.
Mumps
Mumps is another very contagious viral disease. You can spread it before symptoms appear and for up to 5 days after. Mumps used to be quite common in the United States, but rates have declined by 99 percentTrusted Source due to vaccination.
From January 1 to January 25, 2020, 70 cases in the United States were reported to the CDC. Outbreaks tend to occur in densely populated environments.
Measles
Measles is a very contagious disease, particularly in crowded conditions.
The virus that causes measles can remain active in the air or on surfaces for up to 2 hours. You’re able to transmit it to others up to 4 days before and 4 days after the measles rash appears.
Most people get the measles only once.
Measles is a leading cause of death among children worldwide and was responsible for 140,000 deathsTrusted Source in 2018. It’s estimated that the measles vaccine prevented around 23 million deaths from 2000 to 2018.
The disease is less common in the United States and occurs mostly in people who haven’t been vaccinated. There were 1,282 casesTrusted Source reported in 2019. As of March 2, 2020, there have been 12 confirmed cases in 2020.
Whooping cough (pertussis)
This respiratory illness causes swelling of the airways that results in a persistent hacking cough. It’s at the height of contagiousness for about 2 weeks after the coughing starts.
Worldwide, there are about 24.1 millionTrusted Source cases of whooping cough every year, resulting in 160,700 deaths.
In 2018Trusted Source, there were 15,609 reported cases in the United States.
Tuberculosis (TB)
TB, also known as consumption, is an airborne disease. This is a bacterial infection that doesn’t spread easily. You generally have to be in close contact with a person who has it for a long time.
You can contract TB without becoming ill or transmitting it to others.
About 1.4 billion people worldwide have TB. Most aren’t sick. About 10 million people worldwide have active TB.
People with a weakened immune system have the greatest risk of developing the disease. Symptoms can appear within days of exposure. For some, it takes months or years to activate.
When the disease is active, bacteria rapidly multiply and attack the lungs. It can spread through your bloodstream and lymph nodes to other organs, bones, or skin.
Diphtheria
Once a major cause of sickness and death in children, diphtheria is now rare in the United States. Due to widespread vaccination, fewer than five cases have been reported in the past decade.