Question

what are alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases

Answer 1

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Here is your answer,

Lungs contain millions of alveoli which provide a surface for the exchange of gases. An extensive network of blood vessels is present in the wall of the alveoli. By lifting our ribs and flatten the diaphragm, the chest cavity becomes spacious. Air is sucked into the lungs and alveoli. The oxygen from the breath, diffuses into the blood and CO2 from the blood brought from the body, diffuses out into the air.

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Answer 2

Alevoli is made up of very thin capillaries which helps in the exchange of gases . following are the reasons :-

1. Large surface area - many alveoli are present in the lungs with a shape that further increases surface area.
2. Thin walls - alveolar walls are one cell thick providing gases with a short diffusion distance.
3. Moist walls - gases dissolve in the moisture helping them to pass across the gas exchange surface.
4. A large diffusion gradient - breathing ensures that the oxygen concentration in the alveoli is higher than in the capillaries so oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood. Carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite direction.
5. Extensive blood supply - ensuring oxygen rich blood is taken away from the lungs and carbon dioxide rich blood is taken to the lungs.

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