what are anaerobic organism with example 2 mark
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Anaerobic Organism Definition
Anaerobic organisms are those that live an anoxic environment – one which lacks oxygen. While most living things require oxygen to survive – they’re aerobic – oxygen can actually be toxic to anaerobic organisms. The great majority of organisms produce energy molecules called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a process of aerobic cellular respiration. This complex set of chemical interactions takes place in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of prokaryotes, and in the mitochondria of eukaryotes. During respiration, oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of an electron transport chain, which is why aerobic organisms must breathe air containing oxygen in order to survive. However, anaerobic organisms use either fermentation or anaerobic cellular respiration to produce ATP. In this case, an atom other than oxygen is the final electron acceptor. For example, some anaerobic bacteria that live deep in mud in swampy areas use a sulfate ion instead of oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide is produced as a byproduct, rather than water. This explains the sulfurous smell in many swamps and mudflats.
Examples of obligately anaerobicbacterial genera include Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, and Veillonella.
Anaerobic organisms are those that live an anoxic environment – one which lacks oxygen. While most living things require oxygen to survive – they’re aerobic – oxygen can actually be toxic to anaerobic organisms. The great majority of organisms produce energy molecules called ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through a process of aerobic cellular respiration. This complex set of chemical interactions takes place in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of prokaryotes, and in the mitochondria of eukaryotes. During respiration, oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor at the end of an electron transport chain, which is why aerobic organisms must breathe air containing oxygen in order to survive. However, anaerobic organisms use either fermentation or anaerobic cellular respiration to produce ATP. In this case, an atom other than oxygen is the final electron acceptor. For example, some anaerobic bacteria that live deep in mud in swampy areas use a sulfate ion instead of oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide is produced as a byproduct, rather than water. This explains the sulfurous smell in many swamps and mudflats.
Examples of obligately anaerobicbacterial genera include Actinomyces, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Propionibacterium, and Veillonella.
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Anaerobes are the microorganism which respires in the absence of oxygen. Aerobes are the microorganism which respires in the absence of oxygen. Examples of anaerobic organisms include: Actinomyces, Clostridium, Propionibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides Fusobacterium etc.
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