Question

what are arrays and how are ararys used?

Answer 1

arrays are kind of data structure that can store a fixed size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store to a collection of data,but it is often used to think of arrays as a collection of variables of same type

Answer 2

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In  computer science , an array data structure, consisting of a collection of elements (values or variable ), each identified by at least one array index or key. An array is stored such that the position of each element can be computed from its index tuple  by a mathematical formula.The simplest type of data structure is a linear array, also called one-dimensional array.

For example, an array of 10 32-bit integer variables, with indices 0 through 9, may be stored as 10 words at memory addresses 2000, 2004, 2008, ... 2036, so that the element with index i has the address 2000 + 4 × i.

The memory address of the first element of an array is called first address or foundation address.

Because the mathematical concept of a matrix  can be represented as a two-dimensional grid, two-dimensional arrays are also sometimes called matrices. In some cases the term "vector" is used in computing to refer to an array, although tuple  rather than vectors  are the more mathematically correct equivalent.  Tables are often implemented in the form of arrays, especially  lookup tables ; the word table is sometimes used as a synonym of array.

Arrays are among the oldest and most important data structures, and are used by almost every program. They are also used to implement many other data structures, such as lists and strings. They effectively exploit the addressing logic of computers. In most modern computers and many external storage  devices, the memory is a one-dimensional array of words, whose indices are their addresses. Processors , especially  vector processors are often optimized for array operations.

Arrays are useful mostly because the element indices can be computed at tum time. Among other things, this feature allows a single iterative statement to process arbitrarily many elements of an array. For that reason, the elements of an array data structure are required to have the same size and should use the same data representation. The set of valid index tuples and the addresses of the elements (and hence the element addressing formula) are usually,but not always,fixed while the array is in use.

The term array is often used to mean  array data type , a kind of high level programming language  that consists of a collection of values or variables that can be selected by one or more indices computed at run-time. Array types are often implemented by array structures; however, in some languages they may be implemented by hash tables,  linked lists , search trees , or other data structures.

The term is also used, especially in the description of algorithms , to mean associative array or "abstract array", a theoretical computer science  model intended to capture the essential properties of arrays.