What are ATP-Powered Pumps and the Intracellular Ionic Environment?
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The P-class Na+/K+ ATPase pumps three Na+ ions out of and two K+ ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed. A homolog, the Ca2+ ATPase, pumps two Ca2+ ions out of the cell or, in muscle, into the sarcoplasmic reticulum per ATP hydrolyzed.
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from ATP to transport ions against their concentration gradients.
A lot of energy in the cell (25% of the ATP) is used up by the ATPase pumps. Used for many different ions. Essential to maintain the Na+, K+ and Ca+2 concentration gradients that we will
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