what are bases ? what are their physical properties ? give any two examples of bases or basic compounds which are useful to us .
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Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Examples of bases are sodium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and potassium oxide. A base is a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions. Most bases are minerals that react with acids to form water and salts. Bases include the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates of metals.
The soluble bases are called alkalis. Sodium hydroxide is an alkali. Copper(ll) oxide is insoluble in water, so it is a base but not an alkali. Therefore, All alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis. Bases have a slippery feel and taste bitter. Bases are defined as proton (H+) acceptors. Common examples of bases include metal oxides and metal hydroxides and ammonium hydroxide.
What is a Base?
The ionic compounds that produce negative hydroxide (OH−) ions when dissolved in water are called bases. A compound containing negative nonmetal ion as well as a positive metal ion that is held together by the ionic bond is called an ionic compound.
But what are ions? Ions are atoms which become charged particles as a result of losing or gaining electrons. NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is an example of a base. When it dissolves in water, it generates negative hydroxide (OH−) ions and positive sodium (Na+) ions. It can be represented by the following equation:
NaOH →H2O + OH− + Na+
Types of Bases
Strong base – It is a compound that has an ability to remove a proton from a very weak acid. Or they completely dissociate into its ions when in water. Examples are potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
Weak base – There is incomplete dissociation when in water. The aqueous solution contains both the weak base as well as its conjugate acid. Examples are ammonia (NH3), water (H2O), pyridine (C5H5N).
Superbase – These bases are better at deprotonation when compared to a strong base. These have very weak conjugate acids. They can be obtained by mixing an alkali metal with its conjugate acid. It can’t sustain in aqueous solution as it is a stronger base than hydroxide ion. Examples are sodium hydride (NaH), ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion (C6H4(C2)2)2−
Neutral base – It forms a bond with a neutral acid share an electron pair.
Solid base –