Question

What are biomes? Explain important characteristics of major biomes of India. 25 points question. Give me proper answer

Answer 1

Answer:

A biome /ˈbaɪoʊm/ is a community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. They can be found over a range of continents. Biomes are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate.[1][2] Biome is a broader term than habitat; any biome can comprise a variety of habitats.

While a biome can cover large areas, a microbiome is a mix of organisms that coexist in a defined space on a much smaller scale. For example, the human microbiome is the collection of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that are present on or in a human body.[3]

A 'biota' is the total collection of organisms of a geographic region or a time period, from local geographic scales and instantaneous temporal scales all the way up to whole-planet and whole-timescale spatiotemporal scales. The biotas of the Earth make up the biosphere.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Biome is typically defined as a major regional ecological community of plants and animals. It is the level of  organisation between the landscape and global (biosphere) level of organisation. A biome is defined as a large  natural ecosystem which is distinct in its climatic conditions and has its specific group of climax plants and  associated animals.

Important characteristics of major biomes of India are as follows :

• Tropical rain forest : In India, tropical rain forests are found mainly along Western ghats and in Northeastern Himalayas. Mean annual temperature is 23–27ºC with average rainfall of 2000–3500 mm.  Dipterocarpus and Hopea are the most common tree species in Indian rain forests. They show 30–40 m  tall canopy with 4–5 Strata. These possess highest standing crop amongst all biomes. Woody climbers  and epiphytes grow profusely. Soil is highly leached and has low base content.

• Deciduous forests : Occurs in Northern and Southern parts of our country in plains and low hilly areas.  Mean annual temperature is 22–32ºC and mean annual rain fall is 900–1600 mm. Sal, teak, tendu, khair  and chiraunji are common trees of these forests. During rainy season, the forest is lush green with dense  foliage whereas in summer forest is largely leafless. Soil is rich in nutrients due to less leaching.

• Desert : Vegetation is sparse due to extreme of temperature and very little rainfall (below 10 cm). Important  trees of Indian desert are Prosopis sp., Acacia sp., Salvadora and Tamarix sp. Common succulent, are  species of Euphorbia and many members of family Cactaceae. Cenchrus is an abundant grass of this  biome.

• Coastal biome : Coastal areas are zones of transitions between oceanic and terresterial habitats. These  are detritus-based biomes, where plants adapt for salinity and water-logged conditions. Mangroves are  major types along with salt marshes and swamps. Common examples are Rhizophora, Sonneratia,  Avicennia and Laguncularia etc. Besides these Phoenix, Pandanus, and Casuarina are also found  commonly in coastal areas.