What are carbanions? Give their typpes
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carbanion is an anion in which carbon is tervalent (forms three bonds) and bears a formal negative charge in at least one significant mesomeric contributor (resonance form).[1] Absent π delocalization, carbanions assume a trigonal pyramidal, bent, or linear geometry when the carbanionic carbon is bound to three (e.g., methyl anion), two (e.g., phenyl anion), or one (e.g., acetylide anion) substituents, respectively. Formally, a carbanion is the conjugate base of a carbon acid:
R3C-H + B− → R3C− + H-B
where B stands for the base. A carbanion is one of several reactive intermediates inorganic chemistry. In organic synthesis,organolithium reagents and Grignard reagentsare commonly regarded as carbanions. This is a convenient approximation, although these species are almost always multinuclear clusters containing polar covalent bonds rather than true carbanions.
R3C-H + B− → R3C− + H-B
where B stands for the base. A carbanion is one of several reactive intermediates inorganic chemistry. In organic synthesis,organolithium reagents and Grignard reagentsare commonly regarded as carbanions. This is a convenient approximation, although these species are almost always multinuclear clusters containing polar covalent bonds rather than true carbanions.
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The carbanions formed from deprotonation of alkanes (at an sp3 carbon), alkenes (at an sp2 carbon), arenes (at an sp2 carbon), and alkynes (at an sp carbon) are known as alkyl, alkenyl (vinyl), aryl, and alkynyl (acetylide) anions, respectively.
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