what are carbohydrates? Give the classification of carbohydrates
Answers
Answer:
The simplest carbohydrates are the three carbon dihydroxyacetone and trioses glyceraldehyde. They are further classified into glucose, fructose, galactose, and mannose.
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1. Monosaccharides:
Aldoses Ketoses
(C₅H₁₀O₅) Pentoses Ribose Ribulose
(C₆H₁₂O₆) Hexoses Glucose Fructose
Glucose:
Glucose can be seen generally in the fruit juices and formed in the body by hydrolysis of cane sugar, starch, lactose, and maltose. Glucose is said to be the sugar of the body. Glucose structure can be depicted in the form of a ring or chain. It is found in blood, fruits, honey and under abnormal conditions, in urine.
Fructose:
Fructose can be seen naturally in honey, tomatoes, and apples. Hydrolysis of cane sugar in the body can also give up fructose. C6H12O6 is the molecular formula for fructose. Generally, fructose is the sweetest monosaccharide and is prepared by sucrose hydrolysis.
- A carbohydrate is a biomolecule made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms, generally in a 2:1 hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio (as in water) and hence having the formula based on experience Cm(H2O)n Cm(H2O)n Cm(H2O) (where m may or may not be different from n).
- However, not all carbohydrates (e.g., uronic acids, deoxy-sugars such as fucose) meet this exact stoichiometric criterion, and not all compounds that meet this description are automatically categorised as carbs.