What are carbohydrates? Write is classification and four main function .
Answers
Answer:
The term carbohydrate is itself a combination of the “hydrates of carbon”. They are also known as “Saccharides” which is a derivation of the Greek word “Sakcharon” meaning sugar. The definition of carbohydrates in chemistry is as follows:
“Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones or substances which give these on hydrolysis are termed as carbohydrates”.
Some of the most common carbohydrates that we come across in our daily lives are in form of sugars. These sugars can be in form of Glucose, Sucrose, Fructose, Cellulose, Maltose etc.
Explanation:
Functions
•They are used as material for energy storage and production.
Starch and glycogen, respectively in plants and animals, are stored carbohydrates from which glucose can be mobilized for energy production.
•Glucose is indispensable for the maintenance of the integrity of nervous tissue (some central nervous system areas are able to use only glucose for energy production) and red blood cells.
•Two sugars, ribose and deoxyribose, are part of the bearing structure, respectively of the RNA and DNA and obviously find themselves in the nucleotide structure as well.
•They take part in detoxifying processes. For example, at hepatic level glucuronic acid, synthesized from glucose, combines with endogenous substances, as hormones, bilirubin etc., and exogenous substances, as chemical or bacterial toxins or drugs, making them atoxic, increasing their solubility and allowing their elimination.
Classification
On the basis of the number of forming units, three major classes of carbohydrates can be defined: monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
•Monosaccharides or simply sugars are formed by only one polyhydroxy aldehydeidic or ketonic unit.
The most abundant monosaccharide is D-glucose, also called dextrose.
•Oligosaccharides are formed by short chains of monosaccharidic units (from 2 to 20) linked one to the next by chemical bounds, called glycosidic bounds.
The most abundant oligosaccharides are disaccharides, formed by two monosaccharides, and especially in the human diet the most important are sucrose (common table sugar), lactose and maltose. Within cells many oligosaccharides formed by three or more units do not find themselves as free molecules but linked to other ones, lipids or proteins, to form glycoconjugates.
•Polysaccharides are polymers consisting of 20 to 107 monosaccharidic units; they differ each other for the monosaccharides recurring in the structure, for the length and the degree of branching of chains or for the type of links between units.
Whereas in the plant kingdom several types of polysaccharides are present, in vertebrates there are only a small number.
Polysaccharides are defined
omopolysaccharides if they contain only one type of monosaccharide as starch, glycogen and chitin;
eteropolysaccharides, instead, contain two or more different kinds (e.g. hyaluronic acid).
Note: the term “saccharide” derives from the greek word “sakcharon”, which means sugar.
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Answer:
A)What are carbohydrates?
The carbohydrates are a group of naturally occurring carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) that also contain several hydroxyl groups.
The carbohydrates are a group of naturally occurring carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) that also contain several hydroxyl groups.It may also include their derivatives which produce such compounds on hydrolysis.
The carbohydrates are a group of naturally occurring carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) that also contain several hydroxyl groups.It may also include their derivatives which produce such compounds on hydrolysis.They are the most abundant organic molecules in nature and also referred to as “saccharides”.
The carbohydrates are a group of naturally occurring carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) that also contain several hydroxyl groups.It may also include their derivatives which produce such compounds on hydrolysis.They are the most abundant organic molecules in nature and also referred to as “saccharides”.The carbohydrates which are soluble in water and sweet in taste are called as “sugars”.
