What are cdrs (cyclone detection radars) and DWS (Disaster Warning System) and their uses??
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Abstract. The main features of a cyclone that cause death and destruction
are: (1) Storm surge, a rapid increase in sea level along the coast, primarily
caused by the strong surface wind field of the cyclone as it alSproaches
the coast, (2) the violent sustained wind and wind gusts and cyclonespawned tornadoes, and (3) the heavy rain and consequent flooding. The
paper describes the structure of a tropical cyclone of hurricane intensity
and its damage potential, cyclone detection, tracking, forecasting and
warning systems. It concludes that with over a hundred years of research
and operational experience on cyclones available with the meteorological
community and with the INSAT and cyclone detection radar network,
India has now an efficient cyclone warning system. This system would
however benefit from further sophistication notably-the use of Doppler
Radars for cyclone wind field monitoring and an aircraft reconna.issance
facility for probing cyclones. Research is needed to develop techniques
for better forecasting of the tracks of cyclones more than a day ahead and
also their intensity changes.
Cyclone disaster mitigation arrangements were organised in the
maritime states of India only during the last 25 years. This relatively young
field requires more developmental work, particularly in coastal area
planning to reduce property losses, and exploration of alternative
approaches to large-scale evacuation of the coastal population threatened
by cyclones to distant temporary shelters.
Keywords. Hurricane intensity; T-number; eye and wall cloud; cyclone
alert and warnings; cyclone disaster (distress) mitigation.
1. Introduction
It was Henry Piddington, President of the Marine Courts, Calcutta who pioneered
scientific studies on tropical cyclones in the Indian seas, systematically collecting
meteorological logs of ships plying in those waters. He published a series of memoirs
in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal during 1838-1858 dealing with
individual cyclones. He also wrote a book entitled The Sailor's Horn-Book for the
Law of Storms, the fourth edition of which appeared in 1864.
One of the oldest recorded cyclonic storms that caused heavy casualties in India
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was the one that hit the mouth of the Ganges near Calcutta on October 7, 1737. It
is reported to have killed 3,00,000 people and destroyed 20,000 crafts of various
descriptions, although there are some doubts about these figures. The river rose by
40 feet over its usual level. These details are taken from a catalogue of 112 recorded
cyclones in the Bay of Bengal, up to the end of 1876, compiled by Henry F Blanford,
Meteorological Reporter to the Government of India and published in the Journal
of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. In recent times, the cyclone that crossed the Andhra
coast on 19 November 1977 took a toll of 10,000 lives, mainly caused by the 5-metre
high storm surge that accompanied it.
Following a devastating cyclone that struck Calcutta in October 1864, the then
Government of India established a cyclone-warning system for the port of Calcutta.
The India Meteorological Department was born in 1875 and cyclone warning for
ports, coastal areas and ships in the Indian seas became one of its routine activities.
In 1969 the Government of India advised the governments of all maritime states to
set up 'Cyclone Distress Mitigation Committees' (CDMC) in their respective states to
effect suitable measures for mitigating the attendant hazards. An efficient, full-fledged
system of cyclone 'alerts' and 'warning' has since developed in the country to cope
with this recurrent natural threat.
A Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) was established by the World Meteorological
Organisation (WMO) in 1971 to assist vulnerable countries in minimising the loss of
life and property caused by these storms. For disaster prevention and preparedness
measures, the TCP takes cooperative action with the office of the United Nations
Disaster Relief Coordinator (UNDRO) and the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (LRCS). Five different bodies look after the regional components of the TCP.
One such is the WMO/ESCAP Panel on Tropical Cyclones serving the countries
bordering the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal and the northern Indian Ocean. They
are: Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Thailand. This
panel coordinates the cooperative activities among the member countries in tackling
cyclone problems. Under a Cyclone Operational Plan for the region, New Delhi
issues 'Tropical Weather Outlook' daily at 0600 UTC and 'Cyclone Advisory Bulletins'
at 6-hour intervals to the member countries, whenever a cyclonic storm develops in
the northern Indian Ocean.
Answer:
here is the answer:-
Explanation:
The weather forecasters (meteorologists) are able to detect the formation and subsequent movement of cyclones on weather charts that they prepare regularly based on observations of atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and winds. Simultaneously, they locate and track the cyclones through satellites and high power cyclone detection radars.