Question

What are cilia and flagella? Write one similarity and one dissimilarity between the two of them.​

Answer 1

Answer:

Cilia and flagella are the auxiliary parts of the living organisms. Both are used for the purpose of movement. Ciliahowever prevent the accumulation of any forms of dust or germ particles in the nose. Flagella on the other hand use the sperm cells in order to move and propel.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Answer:

Swimming is the major form of movement exhibited by sperm and by many protozoans. Some cells are propelled at velocities approaching 1 mm/s by the beating of cilia and flagella, flexible membrane extensions of the cell. Cilia and flagella range in length from a few microns to more than 2 mm in the case of some insect sperm flagella.

Although cilia and flagella are the same, they were given different names before their structures were studied. Typically, cells possess one or two long flagella, whereas ciliated cells have many short cilia. For example, the mammalian spermatozoon has a single flagellum, the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas has two flagella, and the unicellular protozoan Paramecium is covered with a few thousand cilia, which are used both to move and to bring in food particles. In mammals, many epithelial cells are ciliated in order to sweep materials across the tissue surface. For instance, huge numbers of cilia (more than 107/mm2) cover the surfaces of mammalian respiratory passages (the nose, pharynx, and trachea), where they dislodge and expel particulate matter that collects in the mucus secretions of these tissues.

Ciliary and flagellar beating is characterized by a series of bends, originating at the base of the structure and propagated toward the tip. High-speed strobe microscopy allows the waveform of the beat to be seen (Figure 19-27). Beating can be planar or three-dimensional; like waves that you have studied in physics, it can be described by its amplitude, wavelength, and frequency. The bends push against the surrounding fluid, propelling the cell forward or moving the fluid across a fixed epithelium.