Question

what are civil and criminal cases

Answer 1

The cases are usually in different courts. ... For example, a criminal court may force a convicted defendant to pay a fine as punishment for his crime, and the legal costs of both the prosecution and defence. But the victim of the crime generally pursues his claim for compensation in a civil, not a criminal, action.

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Answer 2

in civil case a person or company asks a judge to settle a civil problem such as :-
a problem concerning an inheritances
a problem involving a contact

in criminal cases a person is taken to cort because he / she accused of a crime
some cases are
murder assault, asexual assault....