Question

what are cyclic pathways

Answer 1

The cyclic pathway of photosynthesis produces ATP without producing NADPH. The cyclic pathway of photosynthesis uses just one photosystem: photosystem I. This pathway is simpler than the non-cyclic reactions. It evolved first (in photosynthetic bacteria) and is present in nearly all photosynthetic organisms.

Answer 2

This transport chain produces a proton motive force pumping h^+ions across the membrane this produces a concentration gradient that can be used to power atp synthase during chemiosmosis this pathway is known as cyclic photo phosphory Lation and it produces neither O2 nor nadph