What are different types of plastids ? What are their functions ?
Answers
Plastids are of three types:
1. Leucoplasts are colorless plastids. They store the food of the plant body in the form of starch, protein and lipids. They occur most commonly in the storage cells of roots and underground stems.
2. Chloroplasts are green plastids because of the presence of chlorophyll. Chloroplasts occur abundantly in green leaves, and also to some extent in green parts of the shoot.
3. Chromoplasts are variously colored plastids. They are mostly present tin flowers and fruits.
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Plastids are double membrane-bound organelles found inside plants and some algae, which are primarily responsible for activities related to making and storing food.
Functions of Plastids:
The chloroplasts are probably the most-known of the plastids. These are responsible for photosynthesis. The chloroplast is filled with thylakoids, which is where photosynthesis occurs, and chlorophyll.
Chromoplasts are what the name describes, a place for the pigments to be stored and synthesized in the plant. These are found in flowering plants, fruits, and aging leaves. The chloroplasts actually convert over to chromoplasts. There are carotenoid pigments here that allow for the different colors you see in fruits and the fall leaves. One of the main reasons for these structures and the colors is to attract pollinators.
Gerontoplasts are basically chloroplasts that are going through the aging process. These are chloroplasts of the leaves that are beginning to convert into different organelles or are being re-purposed, since the leaf is no longer utilizing photosynthesis (such as in the fall months).
Amyloplasts are the largest of the three and are charged with storing starch. Then there are the proteinoplasts that help to store the proteins that a plant needs and are typically found in seeds. Finally, the elaioplasts are used to store fats and oils that are needed by the plant, specifically in seeds.
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