what are drainage patterns? write a brief note on the different drainage patterns.
Answers
Answer:
A Drainage pattern can be defined in the shadow of topographical features from which a stream gets runoff, through flow, and groundwater flow which can be divided by topographic barriers called a watershed. A watershed can be defined as all of the stream tributaries that flow to some location along the stream channel.
Explanation:
Types of drainage patterns found in India
1. Antecedent or Inconsequent Drainage
The Rivers that existed before the upheaval of the Himalayas and cut their courses southward by making gorges in the mountains are known as the antecedent rivers. The Indus, Satluj, Ganga, Sarju (Kali), Arun (a tributary of Kosi), Tista and Brahmaputra are some of the important antecedent rivers, originating from beyond the Greater Himalayas.
2. Consequent Rivers
The Rivers which follow the general direction of slope are known as the consequent rivers. Most of the rivers of peninsular India are consequent rivers. For example, rivers like Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri, descending from the Western Ghats and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, are some of the consequent rivers of Peninsular India.
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Drainage pattern
A Drainage pattern can be defined in the shadow of topographical features from which a stream gets runoff, through flow, and groundwater flow which can be divided by topographic barriers called a watershed. A watershed can be defined as all of the stream tributaries that flow to some location along the stream channel.
SHAKEEL ANWAR
JAN 29, 2018 16:54 IST
Drainage pattern
A Drainage pattern can be defined in the shadow of topographical features from which a stream gets runoff, through flow, and groundwater flow which can be divided by topographic barriers called a watershed. A watershed can be defined as all of the stream tributaries that flow to some location along the stream channel.
A geometric arrangement of streams in a region is known as a drainage pattern. The factors controlling the pattern of drainage in a region include the topography, slope, structural control, and nature of rocks, tectonic activities, a supply of water, and above all, the geological history of that region.
Types of drainage patterns found in India
1. Antecedent or Inconsequent Drainage
The Rivers that existed before the upheaval of the Himalayas and cut their courses southward by making gorges in the mountains are known as the antecedent rivers. The Indus, Satluj, Ganga, Sarju (Kali), Arun (a tributary of Kosi), Tista and Brahmaputra are some of the important antecedent rivers, originating from beyond the Greater Himalayas.
2. Consequent Rivers
The Rivers which follow the general direction of slope are known as the consequent rivers. Most of the rivers of peninsular India are consequent rivers. For example, rivers like Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri, descending from the Western Ghats and flowing into the Bay of Bengal, are some of the consequent rivers of Peninsular India.
3. Subsequent Rivers
A tributary stream that is eroded along an underlying belt of non-resistant rock after the main drainage pattern (Consequent River) has been established is known as a subsequent river. Due to the northward slope of the Peninsula towards the Great Plains, the rivers originating from the Vindhyan and the Satpura ranges flow northward into the Ganga system. The Chambal, Sind, Ken, Betwa, Tons and Son meet the Yamuna and the Ganga at right angles.
4. Superimposed, Epigenetic (Discordant) or Superinduced Drainage
It is formed when a stream with a course originally established on a cover of rock now removed by erosion, so that the stream or drainage system is independent of the newly exposed rocks and structures. The Damodar, the Subarnarekha, the Chambal, the Banas and the rivers flowing at the Rewa Plateau present some good examples of superimposed drainage.
5. Dendritic Drainage
A pattern of drainage which is branching, ramifying or dichotomising, thereby giving the appearance of a tree. Most of the rivers of the Indo-Gangetic Plains are of dendritic type.
Explanation:
Dendritic Pattern-
The dendritic pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain.The stream with its tributaries resembles the branches of a tree.
Trellis pattern-
A river joined by its tributaries, at approximately right angles, develops a trellis pattern. A trellis drainage pattern develops where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other.
Rectangular drainage pattern -
A rectangular drainage pattern develops on a strongly jointed rocky terrain.
Radial pattern-
The radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome like structure.
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