What are enzyme catalyst and what are the characteristics of enzyme catalyst??
Answers
Enzyme catalysts are chemicals which increase the rate of the reaction but does not take part in the reaction .
Few Characteristics of enzymes
⇒ Enzymes act as a catalyst . They do not take part in the bio-chemical reaction.However they change the rate of the reaction
⇒ Enzymes are very specific.They only act on particular substrates and are specific in their actions
⇒ Enzymes are complex macromolecules like sugars.They are made up of many molecules combined together.
⇒ Enzymes can only function at an optimum temperature of 35 - 40°C.
⇒ Enzymes are proteins and they behave like proteins.
⇒ Enzymes are active and rapid in action.
⇒ These enzymes are affected by hormones secreted by endocrine glands
Answer:
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Explanation:
Enzyme Catalysis:
Catalysis is a phenomenon in which the rate of the reaction is altered with the help of a substance called a catalyst (the catalyst does not participate in the reaction; its concentration and composition remain unchanged). The substance used to change the rate of the reaction is called a catalyst. Enzymes are a class of catalysts that are responsible for facilitating and increasing the rate of many vital biochemical reactions in plants and animals. The catalysis in which enzymes act as a catalyst is called enzyme catalysis.
Enzymes are complex compounds containing nitrogen. Animals and plants produce these compounds naturally in their bodies. Enzymes are proteins which have high molecular mass and form a heterogeneous mixture when dissolved in water. These proteins act very efficiently and are responsible for various reactions which occur in the body of living beings.
Characteristics of enzyme catalysis:
A single molecule of the enzyme catalyst can transform up to a million molecules of the reactant per second. Hence, enzyme catalysts are said to be highly efficient.
These biochemical catalysts are unique to certain types of reactions, i.e. the same catalyst cannot be used in more than one reaction.
The effectiveness of a catalyst is maximum at its optimum temperature. The activity of the biochemical catalysts declines at either side of the optimum temperature.
Biochemical catalysis is dependent upon the pH of the solution. A catalyst works best at an optimum pH which ranges between 5-7 Ph values.
The activity of the enzymes usually increases in the presence of a coenzyme or an activator such as Na+, Co2+ The rate of the reaction increases due to the presence of a weak bond which exists between the enzyme and a metal ion.