What are Esterification reactions and Saponification reactions and differentiate between them in detail.
Answers
Esterification is the reaction of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol to form an ester and water.
The reaction is called as Fischer esterification
Strong acid catalysts like sulfuric acid are needed.
A typical example is the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol to form ethyl acetate.
Esterification is an equilibrium reaction.
To drive the reaction to the right, the alcohol is often used both as the solvent and as the reactant, so it is present in large excess. Also, the water is usually removed as fast as it is formed.
Both conditions push the position of equilibrium to the right to give a maximum yield.
Saponification
Saponification (Latin sapo = "soap" + facere = "to make") is the reaction of an ester with a base to form a carboxylate salt and water.
The name comes from the fact this reaction used to be used for making soap.
The reaction conditions are basic, so the product is a carboxylate ion rather than a carboxylic acid.
A typical example is the saponification of ethyl acetate.
**Esterification reaction
1)
in esterification reaction ethanol reacts with carboxylic acid in the presence of little concentrated Sulphuric acids to form Ester..
2) for example-
ethanol acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of little concentrated sulphuric acid to form Ester
3) reaction -
C2H5OH + CH3COOH + concentrated H2SO4 --------> CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
4) Use-
Esterification reaction is used to prepare Ester which is sweet smelling
***saponification reaction
1) In saponification ester is reacted
with base such as sodium hydroxide so that it converts back to alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid
2)for example ethyl ethanoate on reaction with Sodium Hydroxide gives ethanol and sodium ethanoate
3) Reaction -
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH ----> C2H5OH +
CH3COONa
4) Use -
saponification reaction is used to prepare soap
hope helped..