what are fibres??????
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We all wear and enjoy different types of clothes. There are some special types of clothes which are worn during certain occasions and some are season based clothes like cotton clothes during the summer to keep us cool, woolen clothes like a sweater, overcoat, shawls to keep our body warm during the winter season, and raincoats during the rainy season. These different types of clothes are all prepared from the Fibres.
What are Fibres?
Fibers can be generally defined as the thread-like structures that are thin, long, and flexible strands. The two main sources of Fibres are plants and animals.
The obtained Fibres are spun into yarns and then woven into the best fabrics. On average, a single long fiber can produce yarn for different types of fabric.
Classification of Fibres
Fibers can be classified into the following:
Natural Fibres
The Fibres obtained naturally from both plants and animals are termed as the Natural Fibres. These Fibres are hair-like raw material directly obtainable from different plants and animals.
Natural fibers have the following characteristics:
They can be twisted into yarn to make a fabric.
They are comfortable and durable.
They are strong.
They are highly capable of absorbing moisture.
They provide an excellent look and feel.
The natural fibers are further classified into:
Plant Fibre
Animal Fibre
Mineral Fibre
Plant Fibre: The Fibres obtained from the plant sources include- cotton and jute. Bamboo, coconut trees, Flax seeds, Cannabis sativa plant species, Vegetable fiber, cellulose-based, straw, Nettle, Ramie, wood, grains are different sources of plant Fibres.
Animal Fibres: The Fibres obtained from the animal sources include wool and silk. The animal Fibres consist exclusively of proteins and the protective epidermal covering of animals. Sheep, camel, cashmere and mohair goats, rabbits, yak, silkworms, Vicuna are the different sources of animal Fibres.
Mineral Fibres: The inorganic materials shaped into fibers are known as mineral fibers. For eg., Asbestos. These fibers are resistant to fire and acid and are used for industrial applications.
Man-Made Fibres
These Fibres are artificially synthesized by humans within the industries in which the polymers are designed to make fabrics by the application of simple chemicals.
The polymers are a macromolecule, which is obtained or composed of joining small, repeated subunits together. Rayon and Nylon are the best examples of Synthetic Fibres. Others include Acrylic, polyester, and acetate.
Man-made fibers are further classified as:
Regenerated fibers
Synthetic fibers
Inorganic fibers
Regenerated Fibres: These fibers are also known as semi-synthetic fibers. These are made of long-chain polymers which are modified by a chemical process to enable polymerization to form fibers. For eg., viscose rayon, bamboo.
Synthetic Fibres: These fibers are formed by the polymerization of monomers. Once a polymer is formed, it is converted into a fluid form. The dissolved or molten polymer is extruded through narrow holes to give filaments. For eg., polyester, acrylic, nylon.
Inorganic Fibres: These are also known as metallic fibers. They are obtained from copper, silver, gold, and can be extruded from nickel, iron, etc.
Advantages of Natural Fibres over Synthetic Fibres
Natural Fibres are biodegradable.
They have a low specific weight due to which they possess higher strength.
They possess good electrical resistance.
They are skin-friendly and cause no irritation.
Their production requires less energy and emits low carbon dioxide.
Cost-effective.
They possess good thermal and insulating properties.
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