What are genes? Why are they important to organisms?
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Describing genes
Genes are units of inheritance and are responsible for carrying genetic information from one generation to another. This means you inherit your genes from both your mother and father (and they inherit it from their mother and father and so forth), and the information stored in your genes is what makes you – you.
Genes are sections of DNA, and one whole copy of DNA includes all the genes to make instructions for you. DNA provides the instructions to turn a one-cell embryo into a 100 trillion – cell (yes that is how many cells are in your body) adult. These instructions include how the body deals with and responds to pathogens, specific foods, pollutants and other elements of your environment.
Genes mostly hold instructions to make proteins in the body.
This is important for health as proteins and enzymes are involved in many body processes. If individuals either lack the genes or have faulty genes coding, instructions for certain proteins or enzymes then this may have detrimental effects for health.
99.9% of all our genetic material is identical in humans, which is what identifies us as a species. The 0.1% of our genetic material is different from person to person is what makes each person unique (causing differences in things like our metabolic rate, hair and eye colour, height and also our nutrition needs).
Answer:
Genes are a set of instructions that determine what the organism is like, its appearance, how it survives, and how it behaves in its environment. Genes are made of a substance called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. They give instructions for a living being to make molecules called proteins.