what are hormones and their types
Answers
Answer:
Hormones are the chemical substances which coordinate the activities of living organisms and also their growth. They are secreted by special tissues in our body through endocrine glands. Different hormones have different effects on the shape of the body. Some of these hormones work quickly to start or stop a process and some will continually work over a long period of time to perform their functions. They help in body growth, development, metabolism, sexual function, reproduction etc. What happens to the body when these hormones will release in more or less quantity. This article deals with the list of important hormones necessary for our body functions.
List of important hormones and their functions.
1. Hormones of Thyroid
Thyroid gland basically releases two hormones Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4), which helps in controlling the metabolism of our body. Further these hormones regulates weight, determines energy levels, internal body temperature, skin, hair etc.
2. Insulin
Function of Insulin hormone
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This hormone is released by pancreas, a leaf like gland located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. It allows the body to use glucose or sugar from carbohydrates in the food for energy or to store glucose for future use. It helps in keeping blood sugar level from getting too high i.e. hyperglycemia or too low i.e. hypoglycemia.
3. Estrogen
It is a female sex hormone released by the ovaries. It is responsible for the reproduction, menstruation and menopause. Excess of estrogen in the female body increases the risk of breast cancer, uterine cancer, depression, moodiness etc. If estrogen level is less in female body leads to acne, skin lesions, thinning skin, hair loss etc.
4. Progesterone
Progesterone hormone is produced in the ovaries, the placenta when a woman gets pregnant and the adrenal glands. It stimulates and regulates various functions. It plays an important role in maintaining pregnancy. It helps body to prepare for conception, pregnancy and regulates the monthly cycle. When pregnancy doesn’t occur, progesterone levels drop and menstrual cycle occurs. It also plays a role in the sexual desire.
Composition and Functions of Blood
5. Prolactin
This hormone is released by the pituitary gland after a child birth for lactation, which enables female to breast feed. Levels of prolactin hormone rise during pregnancy i.e. it also plays an important role in fertility by inhibiting follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).
6. Testosterone
Function of testosterone hormone
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It is a male sex hormone. It is an anabolic steroid by nature which helps in building body muscles. In males it plays an important role in the development of male reproductive tissues; testes and prostrate. It also promotes secondary sexual characteristics like increasing the mass of muscles and bones, growth of body hair etc. If testosterone is secreted insufficient in men then it may lead to abnormalities including frailty and bone loss.
7. Serotonin
It is a mood-boosting effect hormone or also known as nature’s feel-good chemical. It is associated with learning and memory, regulating sleep, digestion, regulates mood, some muscular functions etc. Due to the imbalance of serotonin in the body, brain does not produce enough of the hormone to regulate mood or stress level. Low level of serotonin causes depression, migraine, weight gain, insomnia, craving of carbohydrate etc. Excess level of serotonin in the body causes agitation, stage of confusion, sedation etc.
8. Cortisol
function of cortisol hormone
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This hormone is produced by the adrenal gland. It helps you stay healthy and energetic. Its main role is to control physical and psychological stress. In danger condition it increases heart rate, blood pressure, respiration etc. At stressful times body secretes cortisol to cope up with the situation. High level of cortisol consistently causes ulcer, high blood pressure, anxiety, high levels of cholesterol etc. Similarly, low level of cortisol in the body causes alcoholism, condition responsible for a chronic fatigue syndrome etc.
9. Adrenaline
Adrenaline hormone is secreted in the medulla in the adrenal gland as well as some of the central nervous system’s neurons. It is also known as emergency hormone because it initiates the quick reaction which makes the individual to think and respond quickly to the stress. It increases the metabolic rate, dilation of blood vessels going to the heart and the brain. During stressful situation, adrenaline quickly releases in to the blood, send impulses to the organs to create a specific response.
Explanation:
Answer:
Hormones are the chemical substances which co-ordinate the activities of living organisms.
Although there are many different hormones in the human body, they can be divided into three classes based on their chemical structure: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide (peptide and proteins) hormones. One of the key distinguishing features of lipid-derived hormones is that they can diffuse across plasma membranes whereas the amino acid-derived and peptide hormones cannot.