what are hybrid ? write different types of hybrid with example?
Answers
Answer:
Increasing pollution levels, desperate measures from hopeless governments, depleting fossil fuels all point out to one thing: Environment friendly modes of transportation powered by renewable energy. There are various technologies at present but all are at their developmental stages and are normally accompanied by a lot of practical hassles. But baby steps are indeed being taken for a brighter future. One of the most talked-about technologies is the Hybrid powertrain. Considering the pollution and traffic jams in India, hybrid cars make sound financial sense as it employs two power-sources and a variety of gizmos to extract every ounce of lost energy. Of course, the technology and frugality comes at the hefty cost of the errm, cost of the vehicle.
There are basically three types of hybrids:
Full Hybrids:
They feature technology like idle-stop function and regenerative braking. Most are capable of using the electric motor alone to propel the vehicle. The electric motor also assists the engine when necessary. Example: BMW i8
Medium & Micro Hybrids:
They also feature idle-stop function and regenerative braking although the electric motor is not capable of propelling the vehicle all by itself. It simply assists the engine. Battery voltages are below 160 volts.
Basic components of a hybrid:
The key components of a hybrid are internal combustion engine, electric motor/ generator, battery, transmission unit and an inverter.
According to the combinations of these components, hybrids are classified as series hybrid, parallel hybrid and series-parallel hybrid.
Series Hybrid:
In this system, the vehicle is powered by electric motor alone and the battery powering the electric motor is charged with the help of an internal combustion engine. In this way, the varying loads and speeds befall only on the battery and the internal combustion engine stays in a constant load, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the vehicle.

Parallel Hybrid:
In a parallel hybrid, both the electric motor and the internal combustion engine powers the vehicle. The electric motor is charged with various technologies like regenerative braking system, plug in system, etc.

Series-Parallel Hybrid:
This is similar to parallel hybrid but the battery is charged either by the engine or by regenerative braking or by plug-in system. Hence, it is a combination of both series and parallel systems.

Explanation:
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In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents, but can show hybrid vigour, sometimes growing larger or taller than either parent.
The difference between a plug-in hybrid vehicle and a conventional hybrid is quite simple: The former can be connected to an outside electrical source for charging its battery, and the latter hybrid cannot.