Question

What are Hydrocarbons ?
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Answer 1

What are Hydrocarbons ?

In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. Hydrocarbons from which one hydrogen atom has been removed are functional groups called hydrocarbyls.

Source

The vast majority of hydrocarbons found on Earth occur in petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Petroleum (literally "rock oil" – petrol for short) and coal are generally thought to be products of decomposition of organic matter.

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Answer 2

ǫᴜᴇsᴛɪᴏɴ :-

ᴡʜᴀᴛ ᴀʀᴇ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs ?

ᴀɴsᴡᴇʀ :-

ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs ᴀʀᴇ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴄ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏᴜɴᴅs ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴀʀᴇ ᴇɴᴛɪʀᴇʟʏ ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ᴜᴘ ᴏғ ᴏɴʟʏ ᴛᴡᴏ ᴋɪɴᴅs ᴏғ ᴀᴛᴏᴍs – ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ᴀɴᴅ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ

ᴛʏᴘᴇs ᴏғ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ :-

sᴀᴛᴜʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ => ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ-ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ᴀᴛᴏᴍs ᴀɴᴅ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ-ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ ᴀᴛᴏᴍs ᴀʀᴇ ʜᴇʟᴅ ᴛᴏɢᴇᴛʜᴇʀ ʙʏ sɪɴɢʟᴇ ʙᴏɴᴅs. ᴛʜᴇsᴇ sɪɴɢʟᴇ ʙᴏɴᴅᴇᴅ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏᴜɴᴅs ᴀʀᴇ ᴛʜᴇ sɪᴍᴘʟᴇsᴛ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs.

ᴜɴsᴀᴛᴜʀᴀᴛᴇᴅ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs => ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛ ᴏғ ᴀ sɪɴɢʟᴇ, ᴅᴏᴜʙʟᴇ ᴏʀ ᴀ ᴛʀɪᴘʟᴇ ʙᴏɴᴅ ʙᴇᴛᴡᴇᴇɴ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ-ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ᴀᴛᴏᴍs. ᴛʜᴇ ᴅᴏᴜʙʟᴇ-ʙᴏɴᴅᴇᴅ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏᴜɴᴅs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴀʟᴋᴇɴᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛʀɪᴘʟᴇ ʙᴏɴᴅᴇᴅ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏᴜɴᴅs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴀʟᴋʏɴᴇs

ᴄʏᴄʟᴏᴀʟᴋᴀɴᴇs => ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs ᴘᴏssᴇss ᴏɴᴇ ᴏʀ ᴍᴜʟᴛɪᴘʟᴇ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ʀɪɴɢs. ᴛʜᴇ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ ᴀᴛᴏᴍ ɪs ᴀᴛᴛᴀᴄʜᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ʀɪɴɢ.

ᴀʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪᴄ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs => ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴀʀᴇ ᴀʟsᴏ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴀs ᴀʀᴇɴᴇs. ᴀʀᴇɴᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴏᴜɴᴅs ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ᴄᴏɴsɪsᴛ ᴏғ ᴀᴛ ʟᴇᴀsᴛ ᴏɴᴇ ᴀʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪᴄ ʀɪɴɢ.

ᴀʟɪᴘʜᴀᴛɪᴄ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs => ᴀʀᴇ sᴛʀᴀɪɢʜᴛ ᴄʜᴀɪɴ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇs ʜᴀᴠɪɴɢ ɴᴏ ʀɪɴɢs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇᴍ.

ᴀʟɪᴄʏᴄʟɪᴄ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs => ᴀʀᴇ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs ʜᴀᴠɪɴɢ ᴀ ʀɪɴɢ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇᴍ.

ᴘʀᴏᴘᴇʀᴛɪᴇs ᴏғ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ :-

• ᴅᴜᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴀʀ sᴛʀᴜᴄᴛᴜʀᴇs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴇᴍᴘɪʀɪᴄᴀʟ ғᴏʀᴍᴜʟᴀ ᴏғ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs ɪs ᴀʟsᴏ ᴅɪғғᴇʀᴇɴᴛ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴇᴀᴄʜ ᴏᴛʜᴇʀ.
• ғᴏʀ ɪɴsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇ, ᴀʟᴋᴀɴᴇs, ᴀʟᴋʏɴᴇs ᴏʀ ᴀʟᴋᴇɴᴇs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴀᴍᴏᴜɴᴛ ᴏғ ʙᴏɴᴅᴇᴅ ʜʏᴅʀᴏɢᴇɴ ᴅᴇᴄʀᴇᴀsᴇs ɪɴ ᴀʟᴋᴇɴᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴀʟᴋʏɴᴇs.
• ᴛʜɪs ɪs ᴍᴀɪɴʟʏ ᴅᴜᴇ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇ “sᴇʟғ-ʙᴏɴᴅɪɴɢ” ᴏʀ ᴄᴀᴛᴇɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴘʀᴇᴠᴇɴᴛs ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇᴛᴇ sᴀᴛᴜʀᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴛʜᴇ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ ʙʏ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏʀᴍᴀᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴅᴏᴜʙʟᴇ ᴏʀ ᴛʀɪᴘʟᴇ ʙᴏɴᴅs.
• ᴛʜᴇ ᴀʙɪʟɪᴛʏ ᴏғ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs ᴛᴏ ʙᴏɴᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇᴍsᴇʟᴠᴇs ɪs ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs ᴄᴀᴛᴇɴᴀᴛɪᴏɴ.
• ᴡɪᴛʜ sᴜᴄʜ ᴄᴀᴘᴀʙɪʟɪᴛɪᴇs, ᴛʜᴇʏ ᴄᴀɴ ғᴏʀᴍ ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘʟᴇx ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴄʏᴄʟᴏʜᴇxᴀɴᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ɪɴ ʀᴀʀᴇ ɪɴsᴛᴀɴᴄᴇs ᴀʀᴏᴍᴀᴛɪᴄ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs ʟɪᴋᴇ ʙᴇɴᴢᴇɴᴇ.

ᴄʀᴀᴄᴋɪɴɢ ᴏғ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴ :-

• ᴄʀᴀᴄᴋɪɴɢ ᴏғ ʜʏᴅʀᴏᴄᴀʀʙᴏɴs ɪs ᴀ ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ɪɴ ᴡʜɪᴄʜ ʜᴇᴀᴠʏ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴄ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ʙʀᴏᴋᴇɴ ᴅᴏᴡɴ ɪɴᴛᴏ ʟɪɢʜᴛᴇʀ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs.
• ᴛʜɪs ɪs ᴀᴄᴄᴏᴍᴘʟɪsʜᴇᴅ ʙʏ sᴜᴘᴘʟʏɪɴɢ ᴀɴ ᴀᴅᴇǫᴜᴀᴛᴇ ᴀᴍᴏᴜɴᴛ ᴏғ ʜᴇᴀᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ᴘʀᴇssᴜʀᴇ.
• sᴏᴍᴇᴛɪᴍᴇs ᴄᴀᴛᴀʟʏsᴛs ᴀʀᴇ ᴜsᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ sᴘᴇᴇᴅ ᴜᴘ ᴛʜᴇ ʀᴇᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ.
• ᴛʜɪs ᴘʀᴏᴄᴇss ᴘʟᴀʏs ᴀ ᴠᴇʀʏ ɪᴍᴘᴏʀᴛᴀɴᴛ ʀᴏʟᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴍᴇʀᴄɪᴀʟ ᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ᴏғ ᴅɪᴇsᴇʟ ғᴜᴇʟ ᴀɴᴅ ɢᴀsᴏʟɪɴᴇ.

ᴘʜʏsɪᴄᴀʟ ᴘʀᴏᴘᴇʀᴛɪᴇs ɪɴᴄʟᴜᴅᴇ :-

• ᴀʟᴋᴀɴᴇs ᴡɪᴛʜ 10 ᴄ-ᴀᴛᴏᴍs ᴏʀ ʟᴇss ᴀʀᴇ ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀʟʟʏ ɢᴀsᴇs ᴀᴛ ʀᴏᴏᴍ ᴛᴇᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴜʀᴇs ᴍᴏʀᴇ ᴛʜᴀɴ 10 ᴄ-ᴀᴛᴏᴍs, ᴛʜᴇ ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴇs ᴀʀᴇ ɢᴀsᴇs ᴏʀ ʟɪǫᴜɪᴅ.
• ᴀʟᴋᴀɴᴇs ɢᴇɴᴇʀᴀʟʟʏ ʜᴀᴠɪɴɢ ʟᴏᴡ ʙᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍᴇʟᴛɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛs ᴏᴡɪɴɢ ᴛᴏ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ᴡᴇᴀᴋ ᴠᴀɴᴅᴇʀᴡᴀʟ’s ɪɴᴛᴇʀᴀᴄᴛɪᴏɴ.

ʙᴏɪʟɪɴɢ ᴘᴏɪɴᴛ ᴅᴇᴘᴇɴᴅs ᴏɴ ᴛʜᴇ ғᴏʟʟᴏᴡɪɴɢ ғᴀᴄᴛᴏʀs:-

• ᴍᴏʟᴇᴄᴜʟᴀʀ ᴍᴀss
• ʙʀᴀɴᴄʜɪɴɢ