what are hydrocarbons and their classification
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Answer:
The term HYDROCARBONS means organic compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen. By using this definition, four classes of hydrocarbons are included: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic.
Hydrocarbons, as the name suggests, are organic compounds composed of elements carbon and hydrogen only. The study of hydrocarbons gives an insight into the chemical properties of other functional groups and their preparations.
We use hydrocarbons such as propane and butane for our commercial fuel purposes in the form of LPG cylinders. For many of the synthetic drugs manufacturing, benzene is the starting material.The molecular formula for these compounds is CxHy. The existence of hydrocarbons is seen in plants and trees. For example, Carotenes is an organic pigment which is found in green leaves and carrots. These hydrocarbons make up to 98% of natural crude rubber. Further, they possess large internal energy which renders them their importance.
Types of Hydrocarbons
Saturated Hydrocarbons: In these compounds, carbon-carbon atoms and carbon-hydrogen atoms are held together by single bonds. These single bonded compounds are the simplest hydrocarbons. These types of hydrocarbons don’t have double or triple bonds. In terms of hybridization, they have Sp3 hybridised carbon atom with no Sp2 or Sp hybridised Carbon atoms. They are together called as alkanes which have a general formula CnH2n+2. For example, CH4C3H6.
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: These compounds consist of a single, double or a triple bond between carbon-carbon atoms. The double-bonded compounds are called alkenes and the triple bonded compounds are called alkynes. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n and for alkynes the general formula is CnH2n-2.
Cycloalkanes: These hydrocarbons possess one or multiple carbon rings. The hydrogen atom is attached to the carbon ring.
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: These are also called as arenes. Arenes are compounds which consist of at least one aromatic ring.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: They are straight chain structures having no rings in them.
Alicyclic Hydrocarbons: They are hydrocarbons having a ring structure in them. The carbons atoms can be Sp, Sp2 or Sp3 hybridised.
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