what are implemention that taken by balban
Answers
Explanation:
Ghiyas ud din Balban was the ninth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi. Ghiyas ud Din was the wazir and heir of the last Shamsi Sultan, Nasir ud-Din. He reduced the power of the treacherous nobility and heightened the stature of the sultan.
Introduction: Balban became the ruler of India in 1266. Indeed, He played a vital role in strengthening and consolidating the empire. After the death of illtumish, there were feuds among his heirs on the succession to throne of Delhi. The nobles, especially the corps of forty or turkan-e- chahalgaan, played a vital role in the affairs of the sultanate and they were mainly behind all the internal revolts. Balban was also part of the corps of forty and he became the deputy prime minister in the era of sultan nasir mehmood, who was also his son in law. After the death of sultan, Balban became the ruler of Delhi Sultanate. He was aware of all the internal and external threats to the sultanate and the credit goes to Balban who remained steadfast and handled the affairs of the sultanate wisely. No doubt, the steps taken by Balban at that time proved fruitful for the empire and he consolidated his empire and strengthened the authority of sultan.
MEASURES ADOPTED BY BALBAN: When he took over the throne of Delhi, the empire was in a mess. The position of the nobles was much strong than the sultan. As he,himself, was from the corps of forty and was privy to all the internal politics played by the nobles. The position of the sultan was weakened and all the important decisions of the sultanate were taken with the assent of the nobles. The law and order situation was worse in many parts of the empire. Moreover, there was also a serious threat of mongol invasion which needed an immediate attention. In order to tackle these problems, Balban rather than expanding his empire adopted the policy to consolidate his authority in the empire. For this he took several steps.
Raise the status of Sultan and Restrict the Power of the Nobles:
His first step was to raise the status of Sultan and decrease the power of the corps of forty. He introduced Persian court etiquettes, which is commonly known as Balban’s theory of kingship. He raised the royal status far above the nobles. It was incarnated in the minds of the people and aristocracy that next to prophet hood, the highest office was that of the kingship. Balban introduced prostration and kissing of feet of the emperor as it was used to be in Iranian kingship courts. His main aim was to raise the status of the Sultan as to maintain the discipline of the royal court and to restrict the power of the corps of forty. He also gave severe punishments if any noble was involved in any serious breach of conduct and eliminated the group, which was introduced by illtumish and Balban had also remained part of that group.
To Improve Law and Order Situation:
Secondly, the law and order situation was worse when he took over the throne. His major conquest was against the people of Mewat, who were involved in looting and plundering people. Balban severely punished them. Moreover, the jats and khokhars were also troublesome and they were also severely punished. Balban build many forts in the areas where there were crimes and deployed troops in order to bring peace in the area.
Mongol Threat: Thirdly, the Mongols had always been a problem for the Delhi sultans. It is also one of the greatest achievements of the Delhi Sultans and shows their competency in the realms of war craft that the Mongols never succeeded in usurping the throne of Delhi and massacring the people like they did in other parts of the globe. Balban also thwarted the threat of Mongol invasion and they did not succeed in their attempt to usurp the throne of Delhi.
Spy System and Military Department: In order to make efficient his administration, Balban introduced the spy system in order to stop rebellions. It was a remarkable step in consolidating his empire as the spy system was so efficient that people were afraid to involve in any kind of conspiracy because any one found guilty in conspiracy against the Sultan was given exemplary punishment. Moreover, he separated the military department from the wazir in order to make it efficient and also to restrict the power of wazir.
Conclusion: It can be concluded from the aforementioned discourse that Balban was indeed a hard taskmaster and strict disciplinarian. It is a known fact that ill disciplined institute, organization or an empire cannot last for a long. For this, Balban adopted these severe measures and He was successful in consolidating his empire and strengthened the authority of the Sultan.