What are important explorations that have happened over time?
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Humans have made great strides in spaceflight and space exploration in the relatively short amount of time since such feats were first accomplished. Here we explore five of the most important and memorable moments in spaceflight history.
First Satellite in Space
A model of Sputnik 1, the first human-made object in space.
A model of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite (launched Oct. 4, 1957).
NASA History Office
On October 4, 1957, Sputnik 1 became the first satellite to be launched by man, inaugurating the space age. According to Britannica’s aerospace industry article:
[The] launch of Sputnik in 1957 signaled not only Soviet technical leadership in a new field but also the capability and extent of Soviet large-missile development and production. This leadership persisted into the era of manned spaceflight, and, exploiting a minimalistic but sophisticated approach to technology, it continued in the pioneering era of space vehicles and space stations.
First Man in Space
Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin wearing his helmet for the first ever manned flight in space, 1961.
Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin, 1961.
NASA
On April 12, 1961, cosmonaut Yury A. Gagarin, onboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft, became the first human in space. The voyage, which began with launch at 9:07 am Moscow time, entailed one orbit around Earth, lasting 1 hour 29 minutes, and ended at 10:55 am in the Soviet Union with his safe return to Earth. It also brought Gagarin immediate worldwide fame.
The Lunar Landing
Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin Aldrin, photographed July 20, 1969, during the first manned mission to the Moon's surface. Reflected in Aldrin's faceplate is the Lunar Module and astronaut Neil Armstrong, who took the picture.
Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin on the Moon
Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, photographed July 20, 1969, during the first crewed mission to the Moon's surface. Reflected in Aldrin's faceplate is the Lunar Module and astronaut Neil Armstrong, who took the picture.
NASA
The Apollo 11 spaceflight, which on July 20, 1969, achieved its goal of landing the first humans on the Moon, was arguably one of the most momentous events in 20th-century space exploration. The flight, landing, and return of the spacecraft to Earth was witnessed on television by hundreds of millions of people worldwide. As Britannica’s biography on Apollo 11 commander Neil Armstrong recounts:
On July 16, 1969, Armstrong, along with Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins, blasted off in the Apollo 11 vehicle toward the Moon. Four days later, at 4:17 pm U.S. Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), the Eagle lunar landing module, guided manually by Armstrong, touched down on a plain near the southwestern edge of the Sea of Tranquillity (Mare Tranquillitatis). At 10:56 pm EDT on July 20, 1969, Armstrong stepped from the Eagle onto the Moon’s dusty surface with the words, “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” (In the excitement of the moment, Armstrong skipped the “a” in the statement that he had prepared.) Armstrong and Aldrin left the module for more than two hours and deployed scientific instruments, collected surface samples, and took numerous photographs.
Launch of the Hubble Space Telescope
Hubble Space Telescope photograhed by the Space Shuttle Discovery, December 21, 1999.
Hubble Space Telescope
Hubble Space Telescope, photographed by the space shuttle Discovery.
NASA
On April 25, 1990, the Hubble Space Telescope, named after Edwin Powell Hubble, was placed into orbit by crew members of the space shuttle Discovery. The large reflecting telescope was the most sophisticated optical observatory ever to orbit Earth, and the photographs it collected ultimately revolutionized the field of astronomy.
Flight of the First Private Spacecraft
Aircraft designer, Burt Rutan, on SpaceShipOne, the first private manned space vehicle.
Burt Rutan and SpaceShipOne
Aircraft designer Burt Rutan standing on SpaceShipOne.
Photographer Michael Mills/Scaled Composites
On June 21, 2004, SpaceShipOne, designed and developed by an aerospace development company known as Scaled Composites of Mojave, California, which was founded in 1982 by American aircraft designer Burt Rutan (author of Britannica’s SpaceShipOne article), became the first private manned space vehicle to fly past the boundary of space. The vehicle was flown by South African-born American test pilot Mike Melvill, who, in successfully soaring past the edge of space, became the first commercial astronaut-pilot.
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This is a timeline of space exploration including notable achievements and first accomplishments or major events in humanity's exploration of outer space .
10 key moments in space exploration
4 October 1957 - The world's first artificial satellite. ...
28 May 1959 - First creatures to return alive from space. ...
12 April 1961 - The first man in space. ...
16 June 1963 - The first woman in space. ...
18 March 1965 - First-ever spacewalk. ...
20 July 1969 - First man on the Moon. ...
19 April 1971 - The first space station is launched.
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