what are isotope effects
Answers
Answer:
Isotope effects are a manifestation of the quantum nature of nuclei; zero-point fluctuations lead to differences in the vibrationally averaged properties of compounds with the lighter and heavier hydrogen isotope. H/D isotope effects on the NMR chemical shifts of nuclei involved in a hydrogen bond provide valuable information on proton location inside the bridge.
Answer:
Isotope effects do not significantly affect atmospheric chemistry. Not only are fractionation effects generally small, but also the abundances of the minor isotopes are low. Even though the isotope effects for deuterium may be large because of the large relative mass difference, its low abundance excludes effects on chemistry. For chlorine, the less-abundant isotope is still rather abundant, but in this case, fractionation effects of only a few percent do not impact on chemistry.