what are istopes ? write the names of istopes in hydrogen?
Answers
Answer:
There are three isotopes of the element hydrogen: hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium. How do we distinguish between them? They each have one single proton (Z = 1), but differ in the number of their neutrons. Hydrogen has no neutron, deuterium has one, and tritium has two neutrons.
Explanation:
Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, and consequently in nucleon number. All isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons in each atom.
Three naturally existing isotopes of hydrogen are tritium, deuterium, and protium.
. Protium ( 1H )
It is one of the common isotopes of hydrogen. It is plenty in nature with an abundance of 99.98%. One of the reasons for this is that the nucleus of this isotope consists of a single proton and this proton at no time, it has been reported to be decayed. Mass of protium is 1.007825 amu. Hydrogen generally combines with other atoms in compounds and are usually found in H2 ( diatomic hydrogen gas).
2. Deuterium ( 2H)
It comprises 1 proton and 1 neutron in its nucleus. The nucleus of hydrogen 2 is termed as deuteron. It is not radioactive. Its compounds are used in chemical analysis and solvents for hydrogen 1. Heavy water is enriched with molecules consisting of deuterium instead of protium. It used as a coolant and a neutron moderator. Hydrogen 2 is also used as a fuel in nuclear fusion (commercial). It occurs naturally as deuterium gas.
Applications of Deuterium
Drugs
Nuclear weapons
Contrast properties
Tracing
NMR spectroscopy
Nuclear reactors and Nuclear Power Plants
3. Tritium ( 3H )
It comprises 2 neutrons and 1 proton in its nucleus. Small traces of hydrogen 3 or tritium occurs in nature due to the synergy of cosmic rays with atmospheric gases. They are also released in a small amount at the time of nuclear weapons tests. It is radioactive, it decays into helium 3 through beta decay. Hydrogen 3 as an atomic mass of 3.0160492 u.
Applications of Tritium
Analytical chemistry
Controlled nuclear fusion
Tritium in hydrogen bomb secondaries
Boosting
Neutron initiator
Nuclear weapons
Self-powered lighting
Used as an oceanic transient tracer