what are jainism explain in long
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Jainism traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion. Followers of Jainism are called "Jains", a word derived from the Sanskrit word jina (victor) and connoting the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths through an ethical and spiritual life. Jains trace their history through a succession of twenty-four victorious saviours and teachers known as tirthankaras, with the first being Rishabhanatha, who according to Jain tradition lived millions of years ago, and twenty-fourth being the Mahāvīra around 500 BCE. Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal dharma with the tirthankaras guiding every cycle of the Jain cosmology.
The main religious premises of Jainism are ahiṃsā ("non-violence"), anekāntavāda ("many-sidedness"), aparigraha ("non-attachment") and asceticism. Devout Jains take five main vows: ahiṃsā ("non-violence"), satya ("truth"), asteya ("not stealing"), brahmacharya ("celibacy or chastity"), and aparigraha ("non-attachment"). These principles have impacted Jain culture in many ways, such as leading to a predominantly vegetarian lifestyle that avoids harm to animals and their life cycles. Parasparopagraho Jīvānām ("the function of souls is to help one another") is the motto of Jainism. Ṇamōkāra mantra is the most common and basic prayer in Jainism..
Jainism has two major ancient sub-traditions, Digambaras and Śvētāmbaras; and several smaller sub-traditions that emerged in the 2nd millennium CE. The Digambaras and Śvētāmbaras have different views on ascetic practices, gender and which Jain texts can be considered canonical. Jain mendicants are found in all Jain sub-traditions, with laypersons (śrāvakas) supporting the mendicants' spiritual pursuits with resources.
Jainism has between four and five million followers, with most Jains residing in India.[6] Outside India, some of the largest Jain communities are present in Canada, Europe, Kenya, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, Suriname, Fiji, and the United States. Major Jain festivals include Paryushana and Daslakshana, Mahavir Jayanti, and Diwali.
In the modern times, Jainism is considered as one of the most peaceful religions. It is one of the three most ancient Indian religious traditions still in existence. Jainism often employs concepts shared with Hinduism and Buddhism, the result of a common cultural and linguistic background. The name “Jainism” is derived from the Sanskrit verb ‘Ji'(to conquer). It refers to the ascetic battle that Jain monks and nuns must fight against passion and bodily senses to gain enlightenment and purity of soul. Jainism has been confined largely to India although it has spread to Commonwealth nations via migrations of Indians.
Now, let’s go over a brief overview of the history of Jainism-
Category Information
Formed 550 BC
Founder Rishabnatha or 1st Tirthankara
Major Sects Digambara & Svetambara
Origin India
Followers 6,000,000
Deity Jinas, 24 Tirthankars
Sacred Texts Jaina Sutras
Headquarters None
Major Festivals Paryushana, Mahavir Jayanti & Samvatsari
Svetambaras & Digambara
These are the two major sects of Jainism. Svetambara is made from two Sanskrit words – Svet meaning white & Ambara meaning clothes. So, Svetambara monks are generally clad in a white attire. They believe white represents simplicity which is a must to attain liberation. Digambara, on the other hand, is made form – Dik meaning Space & Ambara meaning clothes. This means their clothes are made of the four elements of space. Digambaras believe nudity is a must for attaining liberation. One amongst many differences in opinion of Svetambara Jains & Digambara Jains is that while the former believe that their 19th Tirthankara was a woman & liberation is possible for women too, latter believe that for a woman to attain liberation, they must be reborn as a man. Despite many differences in beliefs of Svetambaras & Digambaras, there are 5 major teachings which are indispensable for the attainment of liberation followed by both the sects of Jainism.
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