what are limitations of civil disobedience movement ? (5 marks)
Answers
Limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
1) For a long time, The Congress had ignored the Dalits. This was so because they were afraid of offending the Santanis. [High Caste Conservative Hindu's.]
2) Because of this ignorance, Dalit leaders began organizing themselves. Dr B.R Ambedkar and many other Dalits demanded reserved seats in educational institutions and a separate electorate that would choose Dalit members for legislative councils.
3) From the mid-1920s, the Congress came to be more visibly associated with the openly Hindu Religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha.
4) After the Decline of the Non-Cooperation Khilafat movement, a large section of the Muslims felt alienated from the Congress.
5) As relations between the Hindu's and Muslims worsened, each community organized religious processions with militant fervour. This provoked Hindu-Muslim communal clashes and riots in various cities.
Because of discontent among various religious and working groups, The Civil Disobidience movement didnt succeed and created an atmosphere of distrust between different communities.
Answer:
1. Limited participation of Dalits: Dalits participation in the civil Disobedience movement was very limited, particularly in Maharashtra and Nagpur region where their organization was quite strong.
2. No Participation of Muslims: Some of the Muslim political organizations in India were also Lukewarm in their response to the Civil Disobedience Movement. After Non-Cooperation-Khilafat movement Muslims felt alienated from the congress.
3. Dominant role of Sanatanis and Hindu Mahasabha: The role of Sanatanis and Hindu Mahasabha was very dominant. Due to the fear of Sanatanis the conservative high class Hindus, congress ignored the Dalits. Congress was very close to Hindu Mahasbha. Hindus Mahasabha strongly opposed the efforts of compromise between Congress and Muslim League.
4. Clash between BR Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi: In 1930 Dr B R Ambedkar clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second-round table conference by demanding separate electorate for Dalits.
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5. Participants have different aspirations: Participation had their own aspirations. There was a contrast between the demands of industrialist and working class. Contrast was also there in the demand of Rich peasants and poor peasants. United struggle was not there.