Question

What are limitations of first law of thermodynamics?How are these overcome in second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 1

$\huge\mathfrak{A{\textbf{\red{nswer :}}}}$


$\textbf{Limitations of 1st law of thermodynamics :}$


First law of thermodynamics states that the relation between different energies for a process. But doesn't tell about either a process is spontaneous or feasible or not means reaction is possible by itself or not.

This spontaneous nature is explained by second law of thermodynamics.


$\textbf{2ns law of thermodynamics :}$

1) Spontaneous nature :- A process which under given conditions can takes place by itself or by initiation.

Ex :- Flow of water down the hill.

2) Non-Spontaneous nature :- Which cannot takes place by itself or by initiation. They require driving force.

Ex :- Flowing of water up a hill.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Limitations of the first law of thermodynamics are discussed below

1. No restriction on the direction of the inflow of heat the first law establishes a definite relationship between the heat absorbed and the work performed by a system. The first law doesn't indicate whether heat can flow from a cold end to a hot end or not. For illustration, we can not prize heat from the ice by cooling it to a low temperature. Some external work has to be done.

2. Doesn't specify the feasibility of the response first law doesn't specify whether the process is doable or not for illustration when a rod is hotted at one end also equilibrium has to be attained which is possible only by some expenditure of energy.

3. It isn't possible to convert the heat energy into an original quantum of work.

To overcome this limitation, another law is demanded which is known as the second law of thermodynamics.

• The second law of thermodynamics helps us to prognosticate whether the response is doable or not and also tells the direction of the inflow of heat.
• It also tells that energy can not be fully converted into original work.

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