What are lyophilic and lyophobic sols? Give one example of each type. Why
are hydrophobic sols easily coagulated ?
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Answers
A sol is a colloidal mixture in which the solid is the dispersed phase and liquid is the dispersion medium. Based on the strength of attraction between colloidal particles and the solvent, sols are classified into lyophilic and lyophobic.
Lyophilic sols have a strong attraction between the colloidal particles and the solvent, hence they are stable sols. They are also known as solvent loving sols (philia : loving). A good example is starch sol. Since these are stable, they are not coagulated easily and once coagulated, the process is irreversible.
Lyophobic sols: Solvent hating sols (phobia : fear). In these sols, there is very weak attraction between colloidal particles and solvent. This makes it very unstable and can be easily coagulated by means such as adding excess electrolytes, simply stirring etc. An example is Fe(OH)3 sol.
Hydrophobic sols have water as their solvent and the attractive forces between water molecules and solute moleculee are very weak and hence unstable. Thus they are precipitated easily.
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